Synergistic mixtures of anthranilamide invertebrate pest control agents

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are mixtures and compositions for controlling invertebrate pests relating to combinations comprising (a) 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, and its N-oxides, and suitable salts thereof 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             and
 
a component (b) wherein the component (b) is at least one compound or agent selected from neonicotinoids, cholinesterase inhibitors, sodium channel modulators, chitin synthesis inhibitors, ecdysone agonists, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, macrocyclic lactones, GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers, juvenile hormone mimics, ryanodine receptor ligands, octopamine receptor ligands, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, nereistoxin analogs, pyridalyl, flonicamid, pymetrozine, dieldrin, metaflumizone, biological agents, and suitable salts of the foregoing.
 
           
         
       
    
     Also disclosed are methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a mixture or composition of the invention.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 11/630,312, filedDec. 20, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,022,067 which is a national stageentry of PCT/US05/23813, filed Jun. 30, 2005. PCT/US05/23813 claimspriority benefit from Provisional Application 60/584,601, filed Jul. 1,2004; PCT/US05/23813 claims priority benefit from ProvisionalApplication 60/666,073, filed on Mar. 29, 2005.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to invertebrate pest control mixtures comprisinga biologically effective amount of an anthranilamide, an N-oxide or asalt thereof and at least one other invertebrate pest control agent, andmethods of their use for control of invertebrate pests such asarthropods in both agronomic and non-agronomic environments.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of invertebrate pests is extremely important in achievinghigh crop efficiency. Damage by invertebrate pests to growing and storedagronomic crops can cause significant reduction in productivity andthereby result in increased costs to the consumer. The control ofinvertebrate pests in forestry, greenhouse crops, ornamentals, nurserycrops, stored food and fiber products, livestock, household, turf, woodproducts, and public and animal health is also important. Many productsare commercially available for these purposes and in practice have beenused as a single or a mixed agent. However, more economically efficientand ecologically safe pest control compositions and methods are stillbeing sought.

Being able to reduce the quantity of chemical agents released in theenvironment while ensuring effective pest control is always desirable.Although combinations of pest control agents have been studied, a highsynergistic action is generally not found. Synergism has been describedas “the cooperative action of two components of a mixture, such that thetotal effect is greater or more prolonged than the sum of the effects ofthe two (or more) taken independently” (see P. M. L. Yames, Neth. J.Plant Pathology 1964, 70, 73-80). Therefore, obtaining anarthropodicidal composition that demonstrates a high controlling effectwith concomitant reduced crop production cost and reduced environmentalload is highly desirable.

WO 03/015519 discloses N-acyl anthranilic acid derivatives of Formula ias arthropodicides

wherein, inter alia, R¹ is CH₃, F, Cl or Br; R² is F, Cl, Br, I or CF₃;R³ is CF₃, Cl, Br or OCH₂CF₃; R^(4a) is C₁-C₄ alkyl; R^(4b) is H or CH₃;and R⁵ is Cl or Br.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to a mixture comprising (a) a compound ofFormula 1,3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide,an N-oxide, or a salt thereof,

and

a component (b) wherein the component (b) is at least one invertebratepest control agent selected from the group consisting of

(b1) neonicotinoids;

(b2) cholinesterase inhibitors;

(b3) sodium channel modulators;

(b4) chitin synthesis inhibitors;

(b5) ecdysone agonists;

(b6) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors;

(b7) macrocyclic lactones;

(b8) GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers;

(b9) juvenile hormone mimics;

(b10) ryanodine receptor ligands;

(b11) octopamine receptor ligands;

(b12) mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors;

(b13) nereistoxin analogs;

(b14) pyridalyl;

(b15) flonicamid;

(b16) pymetrozine;

(b17) dieldrin;

(b18) metaflumizone;

(b19) biological agents; and

salts of compounds of (b1) through (b18).

This invention also provides a composition for controlling aninvertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of amixture of the invention and at least one additional component selectedfrom the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquiddiluent, said composition optionally further comprising an effectiveamount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent.

This invention also provides a method for controlling an invertebratepest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment witha biologically effective amount of a mixture or composition of theinvention, as described herein.

This invention further provides a spray composition comprising a mixtureof the invention and a propellant. This invention also provides a baitcomposition comprising a mixture of the invention; one or more foodmaterials; optionally an attractant; and optionally a humectant.

This invention further provides a trap device for controlling aninvertebrate pest comprising said bait composition and a housing adaptedto receive said bait composition, wherein the housing has at least oneopening sized to permit the invertebrate pest to pass through theopening so the invertebrate pest can gain access to said baitcomposition from a location outside the housing, and wherein the housingis further adapted to be placed in or near a locus of potential or knownactivity for the invertebrate pest.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,”“including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, areintended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition,a mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a listof elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but mayinclude other elements not expressly listed or inherent to suchcomposition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus. Further,unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive orand not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfiedby any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (ornot present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present),and both A and B are true (or present).

Also, use of “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements andcomponents of the invention. This is done merely for convenience and togive a general sense of the invention. This description should be readto include one or at least one and the singular also includes the pluralunless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.

Compounds in the mixtures and compositions of this invention can existas one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers includeenantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. Oneskilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be moreactive and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative tothe other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the otherstereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how toseparate, enrich, and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers.Accordingly, the present invention comprises a mixture comprising acompound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, said compound ofFormula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof also referred to herein as“component (a)”; and at least one invertebrate pest control agent whichcan be a compound (or a salt thereof) selected from (b1) through (b18)or a biological agent selected from (b19) and is also referred to hereinas “component (b)”. Compositions of the present invention can optionallyinclude at least one additional biologically active compound or agent,which if present in a composition will differ from the compound ofFormula 1 and the component (b). These additional biologically activecompounds or agents including insecticides, fungicides, nematicides,bactericides, acaricides, growth regulators such as rooting stimulants,chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones,feeding stimulants, other biologically active compounds orentomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-componentpesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural ornonagronomic utility. These additional biologically active compounds oragents can be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individualstereoisomers, or as an optically active form.

Salts of compounds in the mixtures and compositions of the presentinvention include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acidssuch as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic,butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic,tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. Salts of the compounds ofthe invention also include those formed with organic bases (e.g.,pyridine or triethylamine) or inorganic bases (e.g., hydrides,hydroxides, or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium,magnesium or barium) when the compound contains an acidic group such asa carboxylic acid or phenol.

Embodiments of the present invention include:

Embodiment 1

-   -   A mixture comprising a component (a) and a component (b) wherein        the component (a) is a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or a        salt thereof.

Embodiment 2

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is at        least one pest control agent selected from the group consisting        of (b1) neonicotinoids, (b2) cholinesterase inhibitors and (b3)        sodium channel modulators.

Embodiment 3

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b1) neonicotinoids.

Embodiment 4

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 3 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of pyridylmethylamines such        as acetamiprid and thiacloprid; nitromethylenes such as        nitenpyram and nithiazine; and nitroguanidines such as        clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam.

Embodiment 5

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 4 wherein the component (b) is        dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid or        thiamethoxam.

Embodiment 5a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 4 wherein the component (b) is        dinotefuran.

Embodiment 5b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 5 wherein the component (b) is        imidacloprid.

Embodiment 5c

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 5 wherein the component (b) is        nitenpyram.

Embodiment 5d

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 5 wherein the component (b) is        thiacloprid.

Embodiment 5e

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 5 wherein the component (b) is        thiamethoxam.

Embodiment 6

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b2) cholinesterase inhibitors.

Embodiment 7

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 6 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of organophosphates such as        acephate, azinphos-methyl, chlorethoxyfos, chlorprazophos,        chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanofenphos,        demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dimethoate,        dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, dithicrofos, fenamiphos,        fenitrothion, fonofos, isofenphos, isoxathion, malathion,        methamidophos, methidathion, mipafox, monocrotophos,        oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phorate,        phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl,        profenofos, pyraclofos, quinalphos-methyl, sulprofos, temephos,        terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thicrofos, triazophos, and        trichlofon; and carbamates such as aldicarb, aldoxycarb,        bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran,        carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, furathiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl        (Lannate®), oxamyl (Vydate®), pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb,        triazarnate and xylylcarb.

Embodiment 8

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 7 wherein the component (b) is        methomyl or oxamyl.

Embodiment 8a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 8 wherein the component (b) is        methomyl.

Embodiment 8b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 8 wherein the component (b) is oxamyl.

Embodiment 9

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b3) sodium channel modulators.

Embodiment 10

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 9 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids such as        allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin,        beta-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin,        cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenfluthrin,        fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, gamma-cyhalothrin,        lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, profluthrin,        resmethrin, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin,        tralomethrin, transfluthrin and zeta-cypermethrin; non-ester        pyrethroids such as etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox,        protrifenbute and silafluofen; oxadiazines such as indoxacarb;        and natural pyrethrins such as cinerin-I, cinerin-II,        jasmolin-I, jasmolin-II, pyrethrin-I and pyrethrin-II.

Embodiment 11

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 10 wherein the component (b) is        deltamethrin, indoxacarb or lambda-cyhalothrin.

Embodiment 11a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 11 wherein the component (b) is        deltamethrin.

Embodiment 11b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 11 wherein the component (b) is        indoxacarb.

Embodiment 11c

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 11 wherein the component (b) is        lambda-cyhalothrin.

Embodiment 12

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b4) chitin synthesis inhibitors.

Embodiment 13

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 12 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of bistrifluoron, buprofezin,        chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron,        flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron,        penfluoron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.

Embodiment 14

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 13 wherein the component (b) is        hexaflumuron or novaluron.

Embodiment 14a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 14 wherein the component (b) is        hexaflumuron.

Embodiment 14b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 14 wherein the component (b) is        novaluron.

Embodiment 15

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b5) ecdysone agonists;

Embodiment 16

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 15 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of azadirachtin,        chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.

Embodiment 17

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b6) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors.

Embodiment 18

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 17 wherein the component (b) is        spiromesifen or spiridiclofen.

Embodiment 19

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b7) macrocyclic lactones.

Embodiment 20

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 19 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of spinosad, abamectin,        ivermectin, doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin,        milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, nemadectin and        selamectin.

Embodiment 21

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 20 wherein the component (b) is        spinosad or abamectin.

Embodiment 21a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 21 wherein the component (b) is        spinosad.

Embodiment 21b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 21 wherein the component (b) is        abamectin.

Embodiment 22

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b8) GABA-regulated chloride channel        blockers.

Embodiment 23

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 22 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of acetoprole, endosulfan,        ethiprole, fipronil and vaniliprole.

Embodiment 24

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 23 wherein the component (b) is        fipronil.

Embodiment 25

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b9) juvenile hormone mimics.

Embodiment 26

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 25 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of epofenonane, fenoxycarb,        hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxyfen and triprene.

Embodiment 27

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 26 wherein the component (b) is        fenoxycarb or methoprene.

Embodiment 27a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 27 wherein the component (b) is        fenoxycarb.

Embodiment 27b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 27 wherein the component (b) is        methoprene.

Embodiment 28

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b10) ryanodine receptor ligands.

Embodiment 29

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 28 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of ryanodine and other        products of Ryania speciosa Vahl. (Flacourtiaceae) which are        ryanodine receptor ligands, anthranliamides and phthalic        diamides such as flubendiamide.

Embodiment 30

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b11) octopamine receptor ligands.

Embodiment 31

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 30 wherein the component (b) is        amitraz or chlordimeform.

Embodiment 31a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 31 wherein the component (b) is        amitraz.

Embodiment 32

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b12) mitochondrial electron transport        inhibitors.

Embodiment 33

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 32 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of acequinocyl, chlofenapyr,        diafenthiuron, dicofol, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate,        hydramethylnon, pyridaben, rotenone, tebufenpyrad and        tolfenpyrad.

Embodiment 34

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 34 wherein the component (b) is        chlofenapyr, hydramethylnon or pyridaben.

Embodiment 34a

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 34 wherein the component (b) is        chlofenapyr.

Embodiment 34b

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 34 wherein component (b) is        hydramethylnon.

Embodiment 34c

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 34 wherein component (b) is pyridaben.

Embodiment 35

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from (b13) nereistoxin analogs.

Embodiment 36

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 35 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of bensultap, cartap,        thiocyclam and thiosultap.

Embodiment 37

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 36 wherein the component (b) is        cartap.

Embodiment 38

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is        pyridalyl.

Embodiment 39

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is        flonicamid.

Embodiment 40

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is        pymetrozine.

Embodiment 41

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is        dieldrin.

Embodiment 42

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is        metaflumizone.

Embodiment 43

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is an        agent selected from (b19) biological agents.

Embodiment 44

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 43 wherein the component (b) is        selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis        ssp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki, Bacillus        thuringiensis encapsulated delta-endotoxins, Beauvaria bassiana,        granulosis virus (CpGV and CmGV) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus        (NPV, e.g., “Gemstar”).

Embodiment 45

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) is a        compound selected from dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram,        thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, methomyl, oxamyl, deltamethrin,        indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, hexaflumuron, novaluron,        abamectin, spinosad, fipronil, fenoxycarb, methoprene, amitraz,        chlofenapyr, hydramethylnon, pyridaben, cartap, flonicamid,        pymetrozine and dieldrin.

Embodiment 46

-   -   The mixture of Embodiment 1 wherein the component (b) comprises        at least one invertebrate pest control agent from each of two        different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5),        (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14),        (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19) and wherein any compound        selected from any of groups (b1) through (b18) may be in a salt        form.

Also noteworthy as embodiments are arthropodicidal compositions of thepresent invention comprising a biologically effective amount of amixture of Embodiments 1 to 46 and at least one additional componentselected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent, aliquid diluent, and optionally at least one additional biologicallyactive compound or agent. Embodiments of the invention further includemethods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting theinvertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effectiveamount of a mixture of any of Embodiments 1 to 46 (e.g., as acomposition described herein). Of note is a method comprising contactingthe invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effectiveamount of the mixture of Embodiment 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15-20, 22, 23, 25,26, 28-33, 35, 36, 38-45 or 46.

Embodiments of the invention also include a spray composition comprisinga mixture of any of Embodiments 1 to 46 and a propellant. Of note is aspray composition comprising the mixture of Embodiment 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10,15-20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28-33, 35, 36, 38-45 or 46. Embodiments of theinvention further include a bait composition comprising a mixture of anyof Embodiments 1 to 46; one or more food materials; optionally anattractant and optionally a humectant. Of note is a bait compositioncomprising the mixture of Embodiment 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15-20, 22, 23,25, 26, 28-33, 35, 36, 38-45 or 46.

Embodiments of the invention also include a device for controlling aninvertebrate pest comprising said bait composition and a housing adaptedto receive said bait composition, wherein the housing has at least oneopening sized to permit the invertebrate pest to pass through theopening so the invertebrate pest can gain access to said baitcomposition from a location outside the housing, and wherein the housingis further adapted to be placed in or near a locus of potential or knownactivity for the invertebrate pest. Of note is a device wherein the baitcomposition comprises the mixture of Embodiment 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15-20,22, 23, 25, 26, 28-33, 35, 36, 38-45 or 46.

The compound of Formula 1 can be prepared by one or more of the methodsand variations thereof as described in World Patent ApplicationPublication WO 03/015519. Synthetic methods for the preparation ofN-oxides of heterocycles and tertiary amines are very well known by oneskilled in the art including the oxidation of heterocycles and tertiaryamines with peroxy acids such as peracetic and m-chloroperbenzoic acid(MCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides such as t-butylhydroperoxide, sodium perborate, and dioxiranes such asdimethydroxirane. These methods for the preparation of N-oxides havebeen extensively described and reviewed in the literature, see forexample: T. L. Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 7, pp748-750, S. V. Ley, Ed., Pergamon Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik inComprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp 18-20, A. J. Boultonand A. McKillop, Eds., Pergamon Press; M. R. Grimmett and B. R. T. Keenein Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 43, pp 149-161, A. R.Katritzky, Ed., Academic Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Advancesin Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 9, pp 285-291, A. R. Katritzky and A. J.Boulton, Eds., Academic Press; and G. W. H. Cheeseman and E. S. G.Werstiuk in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 22, pp 390-392, A.R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press.

The invertebrate pest control agent of groups (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4),(b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15),(b16), (b17) and (b18) have been described in published patents andscientific journal papers. Most of the compounds of groups (b1) through(b18) and the biological agents of group (b19) are commerciallyavailable as active ingredients in invertebrate pest control products.These compounds and biological agents are described in compendia such asThe Pesticide Manual, 13th edition, C. D. S. Thomlin (Ed.), British CropProtection Council, Surrey, UK, 2003. Certain of these groups arefurther described below.

Neonicotinoids (Group (b1))

All neonicotinoids act as agonists at the nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor in the central nervous system of insects. This causesexcitation of the nerves and eventual paralysis, which leads to death.Due to the mode of action of neonicotinoids, there is nocross-resistance to conventional insecticide classes such as carbamates,organophosphates, and pyrethroids. A review of the neonicotinoids isdescribed in Pestology 2003, 27, pp 60-63; Annual Review of Entomology2003, 48, pp 339-364; and references cited therein.

Neonicotinoids act as acute contact and stomach poisons, combinesystemic properties with relatively low application rates, and arerelatively nontoxic to vertebrates. There are many compounds in thisgroup including the pyridylmethylamines such as acetamiprid andthiacloprid; nitromethylenes such as nitenpyram and nithiazine;nitroguanidines such as clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid andthiamethoxam.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Group (b2))

Two chemical classes of compounds are known to inhibit thecholinesterase; one is the organophosphates and the other is thecarbamates. Organophosphates involve phosphorylation of the enzyme,while carbamates involve a reversible carbamylation of the enzyme. Theorganophosphates include acephate, azinphos-methyl, chlorethoxyfos,chlorprazophos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos,cyanofenphos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dimethoate,dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, dithicrofos, fenamiphos, fenitrothion,fonofos, isofenphos, isoxathion, malathion, methamidophos, methidathion,mipafox, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl,phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl,profenofos, pyraclofos, quinalphos-methyl, sulprofos, temephos,terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thicrofos, triazophos, and trichlofon. Thecarbamates include aldicarb, aldoxycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb,butocarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb,furathiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl (Lannate®), oxamyl (Vydate®),pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, triazamate and xylylcarb. A generalreview of the mode of action of insecticides is presented inInsecticides with Novel Modes of Action: Mechanism and Application, I.Ishaaya, et al (Ed.), Springer:Berlin, 1998.

Sodium Channel Modulators (Group (b3))

Insecticidal compounds acting as sodium channel modulators disrupt thenormal functioning of voltage-dependent sodium channels in insects,which causes rapid paralysis or knock-down following application ofthese insecticides. Reviews of insecticides targeting nerve membranesodium channels are presented in, for example, Toxicology 2002, 171, pp3-59; Pest Management Sci. 2001, 57, pp 153-164; and references citedtherein. The sodium channel modulators have been grouped together basedon their chemical structural similarity into four classes, includingpyrethroids, non-ester pyrethroids, oxidiazines and natural pyrethrins.The pyrethroids include allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin,beta-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin,deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,flucythrinate, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin,permethrin, profluthrin, resmethrin, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin,tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin and zeta-cypermethrin. Thenon-ester pyrethroids include etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox,protrifenbute and silafluofen. The oxadiazines include indoxacarb. Thenatural pyrethrins include cinerin-I, cinerin-II, jasmolin-I,jasmolin-II, pyrethrin-I and pyrethrin-II.

Other Insecticide Groups

Chitin synthesis inhibitors (b4) include bistrifluoron, buprofezin,chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron,hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluoron,teflubenzuron and triflumuron.

Ecdysone agonists (b5) include azadirachtin, chromafenozide,halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.

Lipid biosynthesis inhibitors (b6) include spiromesifen andspiridiclofen.

Macrocyclic lactones (b7) include spinosad, abamectin, avermectin,doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, milbemectin, milbemycinoxime, moxidectin, nemadectin and selamectin.

GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers (b8) include acetoprole,endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil and vaniliprole.

Juvenile hormone mimics (b9) include epofenonane, fenoxycarb,hydroprene, methoprene, pyriproxyfen and triprene.

Ryanodine receptor ligands (b10) include ryanodine and other relatedproducts of Ryania speciosa Vahl. (Flacourtiaceae), anthranilamidesother than the compound of Formula 1 and phthalic diamides (disclosed inJP-A-11-240857 and JP-A-2001-131141) such as flubendiamide.

Octopamine receptor ligands (b11) include amitraz and chlordimeform.

Mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors (b12) include ligands whichbind to complex I, II, or III sites to inhibit cellular respiration.Such mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors include acequinocyl,chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron, dicofol, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate,hydramethylnon, pyridaben, rotenone, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad.

Nereistoxin analogs (b13) include bensultap, cartap, thiocyclam andthiosultap.

Biological agents (b19) include entomopathogenic bacteria such asBacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp.kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis encapsulated delta-endotoxins,entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauvaria bassiana, and entomopathogenicviruses such as granulosis virus (CpGV and CmGV) and nuclearpolyhedrosis virus (NPV, e.g., “Gemstar”).

Other Insecticides, Acaricides, Nematicides

There are many known insecticides, acaricides and nematicides asdisclosed in The Pesticide Manual 13^(th) Ed. 2003 including those whosemode of action is not yet clearly defined and those which are a singlecompound class including amidoflumet (S-1955), bifenazate,chlorofenmidine, dieldrin, diofenolan, fenothiocarb, flufenerim(UR-50701), metaldehyde, metaflumizone (BASF-320), methoxychlor,bactericides such as streptomycin; acaricides such as chinomethionat,chlorobenzilate, cyhexatin, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide,hexythiazox and propargite.

The weight ratios of component (b) to the compound of Formula 1, anN-oxide, or a salt thereof in the mixtures, compositions and methods ofthe present invention are typically from 150:1 to 1:200, preferably from150:1 to 1:50, more preferably from 50:1 to 1:10 and most preferablyfrom 5:1 to 1:5. Of note are mixtures, compositions and methods whereincomponent (b) is a compound selected from (b1) neonicotinoids and theweight ratio of component (b) to the compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide,or a salt thereof is from 150:1 to 1:200. Also of note are mixtures,compositions and methods wherein component (b) is a compound selectedfrom (b2) cholinesterase inhibitors and the weight ratio of component(b) to the compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof is from200:1 to 1:100. Also of note are mixtures, compositions and methodswherein component (b) is a compound selected from (b3) sodium channelmodulators and the weight ratio of component (b) to the compound ofFormula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof is from 100:1 to 1:10.

Of further note are mixtures, compositions and methods of the presentinvention wherein component (b) is a compound selected from (b1)neonicotinoids and the weight ratio of component (b) to the compound ofFormula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof is from 10:1 to 1:50. Also ofnote are mixtures, compositions and methods of the present inventionwherein component (b) is a compound of (b2) cholinesterase inhibitorsand the weight ratio of component (b) to the compound of Formula 1, anN-oxide, or a salt thereof, is from 150:1 to 1:25. Of further note aremixtures, composition and methods of the present invention whereincomponent (b) is a compound of (b3) sodium channel modulators and theweight ratio of component (b) to the compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide,or a salt thereof, is from 50:1 to 1:5.

Of note are mixtures, compositions and methods wherein component (b)comprises at least one compound (or a salt thereof) or biological agentfrom each of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4),(b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15),(b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19).

Table 1 lists specific combinations of the compound of Formula 1 withother invertebrate pest control agents illustrative of the mixtures,compositions and methods of the present invention. The first column ofTable 1 lists the group to which the component (b) belongs (e.g., “b1”in the first line). The second column of Table 1 lists specificinvertebrate pest control agents (e.g., “Acetimiprid” in the firstline). The third column of Table 1 lists atypical range of weight ratiosof rates at which component (b) is applied relative to the compound ofFormula 1 (e.g., “150:1 to 1:200” of acetamiprid relative to thecompound of Formula 1 by weight). The fourth and fifth columnsrespectively list one embodiment of a weight ratio range and anotherembodiment of a weight ratio range for applications rates. Thus, forexample, the first line of Table 1 specifically discloses thecombination of the compound of Formula 1 with acetamiprid, identifiesthat acetamiprid is a member of component (b) group (b1), and indicatesthat acetamiprid and the compound of Formula 1 are typically applied ina weight ratio between 150:1 to 1:200, with one embodiment being 10:1 to1:100 and another embodiment being 5:1 to 1:25. The remaining lines ofTable 1 are to be construed similarly.

TABLE 1 Component Invertebrate Pest Typical Preferred More Preferred (b)Control Agent Weight Ratio Weight Ratio Weight Ratio b1 Acetamiprid150:1 to 1:200  10:1 to 1:100  5:1 to 1:25 b1 Clothianidin 100:1 to1:400 10:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5 b1 Dinotefuran 150:1 to 1:500  10:1 to1:100  5:1 to 1:25 b1 Imidacloprid 100:1 to 1:400 10:1 to 1:25  5:1 to1:10 b1 Nitenpyram 150:1 to 1:200 10:1 to 1:50  5:1 to 1:25 b1Nithiazine 150:1 to 1:200 10:1 to 1:50  5:1 to 1:25 b1 Thiacloprid 100:1to 1:250 15:1 to 1:30 5:1 to 1:5 b1 Thiamethoxam 150:1 to 1:500 20:1 to1:50  5:1 to 1:10 b2 Methomyl 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:25  5:1 to 1:10b2 Oxamyl 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:10 5:1 to 1:1 b2 Thiodicarb 200:1 to1:100 150:1 to 1:25  50:1 to 1:5  b2 Triazamate 200:1 to 1:100 150:1 to1:25  50:1 to 1:5  b3 Bifenthrin 100:1 to 1:10  50:1 to 1:5  10:1 to1:1  b3 Deltamethrin  50:1 to 1:500 25:1 to 1:50 10:1 to 1:10 b3Esfenvalerate 100:1 to 1:10  50:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 b3 Indoxacarb 100:1to 1:100 25:1 to 1:25 10:1 to 1:10 b3 Lambda-cyhalothrin 50:1 to 1:1025:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 b3 Pyrethrin 100:1 to 1:10  50:1 to 1:5  5:1 to1:1 b4 Buprofezin 200:1 to 1:150 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:5  b4Cyromazine 200:1 to 1:150 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:5  b4 Hexaflumuron200:1 to 1:150 100:1 to 1:10  50:1 to 1:1  b4 Lufenuron 200:1 to 1:150100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:5  b4 Novaluron 250:1 to 1:150 100:1 to 1:10 50:1 to 1:1  b5 Azadirachtin 100:1 to 1:120 20:1 to 1:10 1:1 to 1:5 b5Methoxyfenozide  50:1 to 1:750  25:1 to 1:250  1:1 to 1:100 b5Tebufenozide  50:1 to 1:250  25:1 to 1:150  1:1 to 1:25 b6 Spiridiclofen200:1 to 1:200 20:1 to 1:20 10:1 to 1:10 b6 Spiromesifen 200:1 to 1:20020:1 to 1:20 10:1 to 1:10 b7 Abamectin  50:1 to 1:500  25:1 to 1:250 5:1 to 1:100 b7 Emamectin Benzoate 50:1 to 1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1b7 Spinosad 50:1 to 1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 b8 Fipronil  50:1 to1:100 25:1 to 1:50  5:1 to 1:25 b9 Fenoxycarb 250:1 to 1:100 150:1 to1:50  50:1 to 1:10 b9 Methoprene 500:1 to 1:100 250:1 to 1:50  50:1 to1:10 b9 Pyriproxyfen 200:1 to 1:100 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:10 b10Anthranilamide 100:1 to 1:200  20:1 to 1:100  1:1 to 1:50 b10Flubendiamide 100:1 to 1:200  20:1 to 1:100  1:1 to 1:50 b10 Ryanodine100:1 to 1:120 20:1 to 1:10 1:1 to 1:5 b11 Amitraz 250:1 to 1:100 100:1to 1:50  25:1 to 1:10 b12 Chlorfenapyr 1200:1 to 1:200  400:1 to 1:100200:1 to 1:50  b12 Hydramethylnon 100:1 to 1:500  20:1 to 1:100  1:1 to1:10 b12 Pyridaben 200:1 to 1:100 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:10 b13 Cartap 100:1 to 1:1000  50:1 to 1:500  5:1 to 1:100 b14 Pyridalyl 200:1 to1:100 100:1 to 1:50  50:1 to 1:10 b15 Flonicamid  20:1 to 1:500  15:1 to1:250  5:1 to 1:50 b16 Pymetrozine 200:1 to 1:500 150:1 to 1:250 50:1 to1:50 b17 Dieldrin 200:1 to 1:500 100:1 to 1:100 25:1 to 1:50 b18Metaflumizone 200:1 to 1:200 100:1 to 1:100 20:1 to 1:20 b19 Bacillusthuringiensis 50:1 to 1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 b19 Beauvariabassiana 50:1 to 1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 b19 NPV (e.g., Gemstar)50:1 to 1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1

Of note are mixtures and compositions of this invention that can also bemixed with one or more other biologically active compounds or agentsincluding insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, bactericides,acaricides, growth regulators such as rooting stimulants,chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones,feeding stimulants, other biologically active compounds orentomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-componentpesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural ornonagronomic utility. Thus the present invention also pertains to amixture or a composition comprising a biologically effective amount of acompound of Formula 1, an N-oxide thereof, or an agronomic ornonagronomic suitable salt thereof (component (a)); an effective amountof at least one additional biologically active compound (or saltthereof) or agent selected from the group consisting of (b1), (b2),(b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13),(b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18), (b19) (component (b)); and canfurther comprise at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or aliquid diluent and optionally further comprise an effective amount of atleast one additional biologically active compound or agent. Suchoptionally biologically active compound(s) or agent(s) if present withthe mixtures and compositions of this invention will differ from thecomponents (a) and (b), said additional biologically active compound(s)or agent(s) can be an insecticide, an acaricide, a nematicide or afungicide. Examples of an insecticide include a compound (or saltthereof) selected from the group consisting of amidoflumet (S-1955),bifenazate, chlorofenmidine, diofenolan, fenothiocarb, flufenerim(UR-50701), metaldehyde, methoxychlor; and examples of fungicidesincluding acibenzolar-S-methyl, azoxystrobin, benalazy-M,benthiavalicarb, benomyl, blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture (tribasiccopper sulfate), boscalid, bromuconazole, buthiobate, carpropamid,captafol, captan, carbendazim, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, clotrimazole,copper oxychloride, copper salts, cymoxanil, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid,cyproconazole, cyprodinil, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran,difenoconazole, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole,diniconazole-M, dodine, edifenphos, epoxiconazole, ethaboxam,famoxadone, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenoxanil,fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentinhydroxide, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluoxastrobin,fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet,fosetyl-aluminum, furalaxyl, furametapyr, guazatine, hexaconazole,hymexazol, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, ipconazole,iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoconazole, isoprothiolane,kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, maneb, mefenoxam, mepanapyrim,mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole, metominostrobin/fenominostrobin,metrafenone, miconazole, myclobutanil, neo-asozin (ferricmethanearsonate), nuarimol, oryzastrobin, oxadixyl, oxpoconazole,penconazole, pencycuron, picobenzamid, picoxystrobin, probenazole,prochloraz, propamocarb, propiconazole, proquinazid, prothioconazole,pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil, pyrifenox, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen,silthiofam, simeconazole, sipconazole, spiroxamine, sulfur,tebuconazole, tetraconazole, tiadinil, thiabendazole, thifluzamide,thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol,triarimol, tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine,triticonazole, uniconazole, validamycin, vinclozolin and zoxamide.Compositions of this invention can be applied to plants geneticallytransformed to express proteins toxic to invertebrate pests (such asBacillus thuringiensis toxin). The effect of the exogenously appliedinvertebrate pest control compounds of this invention may be synergisticwith the expressed toxin proteins.

The weight ratios of these various mixing partners to the compound ofFormula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof of this invention typically arebetween 200:1 and 1:150, with one embodiment being between 150:1 and1:50, another embodiment being between 50:1 and 1:10 and anotherembodiment being between 5:1 and 1:5.

The mixtures and compositions of this invention are useful to controlinvertebrate pests. In certain instances, combinations with otherinvertebrate pest control active ingredients having a similar spectrumof control but a different mode of action will be particularlyadvantageous for resistance management

Formulation/Utility

Mixtures of this invention can generally be used as a formulation orcomposition with a carrier suitable for agronomic and nonagronomic usescomprising at least one of a liquid diluent, a solid diluent or asurfactant. The formulation, mixture or composition ingredients can beselected to be consistent with the physical properties of the activeingredients, mode of application and environmental factors such as soiltype, moisture and temperature. Useful formulations include liquids suchas solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions,emulsions (including microemulsions and/or suspoemulsions) and the likewhich optionally can be thickened into gels. Useful formulations furtherinclude solids such as dusts, powders, granules, pellets, tablets, films(including seed treatment), and the like which can be water-dispersible(“wettable”) or water-soluble. Active ingredient can be(micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solidformulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredientcan be encapsulated (or “overcoated”). Encapsulation can control ordelay release of the active ingredient. Compositions of the inventioncan also optionally comprise plant nutrients, e.g. a fertilizercomposition comprising at least one plant nutrient selected fromnitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron,copper, boron, manganese, zinc, and molybdenum. Of note are compositionscomprising at least one fertilizer composition comprising at least oneplant nutrient selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur,calcium and magnesium. Compositions of the present invention whichfurther comprise at least one plant nutrient can be in the form ofliquids or solids. Of note are solid formulations in the form ofgranules, small sticks or tablets. Solid formulations comprising afertilizer composition can be prepared by mixing the mixture orcomposition of the present invention with the fertilizer compositiontogether with formulating ingredients and then preparing the formulationby methods such as granulation or extrusion. Alternatively solidformulations can be prepared by spraying a solution or suspension of amixture or composition of the present invention in a volatile solventonto a previous prepared fertilizer composition in the form ofdimensionally stable mixtures, e.g., granules, small sticks or tablets,and then evaporating the solvent. Sprayable formulations can be extendedin suitable media and used at spray volumes from about one to severalhundred liters per hectare. High-strength compositions can be primarilyused as intermediates for further formulation.

The formulations will typically contain effective amounts of activeingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximateranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.

Weight Percent Active Ingredients Diluent Surfactant Water-Dispersibleand 0.001-90      0-99.999  0-15 Water-soluble Granules, Tablets andPowders. Suspensions, Emulsions,  1-50 40-99  0-50 Solutions (includingEmulsifiable Concentrates) Dusts  1-25 70-99 0-5 Granules and Pellets0.001-99      5-99.999  0-15 High Strength 90-99  0-10 0-2 Compositions

Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., Handbook ofInsecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books,Caldwell, N.J. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden,Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. McCutcheon'sDetergents and Emulsifiers Annual, Allured Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, N.J.,as well as Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents,Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964, list surfactants andrecommended uses. All formulations can contain minor amounts ofadditives to reduce foam, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth andthe like, or thickeners to increase viscosity.

Surfactants include, for example, polyethoxylated alcohols,polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acidesters, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, organosilicones, N,N-dialkyltaurates, lignin sulfonates,naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, polycarboxylates,glycerol esters, poly-oxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers, andalkylpolyglycosides where the number of glucose units, referred to asdegree of polymerization (D.P.), can range from 1 to 3 and the alkylunits can range from C₆-C₁₄ (see Pure and Applied Chemistry 72,1255-1264). Solid diluents include, for example, clays such asbentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, starch, sugar,silica, talc, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodiumcarbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate. Liquid diluents include,for example, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide,N-alkylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, paraffins,alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, glycerine, triacetine, oils of olive,castor, linseed, tung, sesame, corn, peanut, cotton-seed, soybean,rape-seed and coconut, fatty acid esters, ketones such as cyclohexanone,2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetates andalcohols such as methanol, cyclohexanol, decanol and tetrahydrofurfurylalcohol.

Useful formulations of this invention can also contain materials knownas formulation aids including antifoams, film formers and dyes and arewell known to those skilled in the art.

Antifoams can include water dispersible liquids comprisingpolyorganosiloxanes such as Rhodorsil® 416. The film formers can includepolyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers,polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols,polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Dyes can include waterdispersible liquid colorant compositions such as Pro-lzed® Colorant Red.One skilled in the art will appreciate that this is a non-exhaustivelist of formulation aids. Suitable examples of formulation aids includethose listed herein and those listed in McCutcheon's 2001, Volume 2:Functional Materials, published by MC Publishing Company and PCTPublication WO 03/024222.

Solutions, including emulsifiable concentrates, can be prepared bysimply mixing the ingredients. Dusts and powders can be prepared byblending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer mill or fluid-energymill. Suspensions are usually prepared by wet-milling; see, for example,U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084. Granules and pellets can be prepared byspraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or byagglomeration techniques. See Browning, “Agglomeration”, ChemicalEngineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer'sHandbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 andfollowing, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S.Pat. No. 4,172,714. Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can beprepared as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. No.5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030. Filmscan be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see U.S. Pat.No. 3,235,361, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples10-41; U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166,167 and 169-182; U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, Col. 3, line 66 through Col.5, line 17 and Examples 1-4; Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp 81-96; and Hance et al., WeedControl Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford,1989; Developments in formulation technology, PJB Publications,Richmond, UK, 2000.

In the following Examples, all percentages are by weight and allformulations are prepared in conventional ways. “Active ingredients”refers to the aggregate of invertebrate pest control agents consistingof component (b) in combination with the compound of Formula 1, anN-oxide or salt thereof. Without further elaboration, it is believedthat one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilizethe present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are,therefore, to be constructed as merely illustrative, and not limiting ofthe disclosure in any way whatsoever. Percentages are by weight exceptwhere otherwise indicated.

Example A

Wettable Powder active ingredients 65.0%  dodecylphenol polyethyleneglycol ether 2.0% sodium ligninsulfonate 4.0% sodium silicoaluminate6.0% montmorillonite (calcined) 23.0% 

Example B

Granule active ingredients 10.0% attapulgite granules (low volatilematter, 0.71/0.30 mm; 90.0% U.S.S. No. 25-50 sieves)

Example C

Extruded Pellet active ingredients 25.0% anhydrous sodium sulfate 10.0%crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5.0% sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 1.0%calcium/magnesium bentonite 50.0%

Example D

Emulsifiable Concentrate active ingredients 20.0% blend of oil solublesulfonates and polyoxyethylene ethers 10.0% isophorone 70.0%

Example E

Microemulsion active ingredients  5.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer 30.0% alkylpolyglycoside 30.0% glyceryl monooleate15.0% water 20.0%

Example F

Seed Treatment active ingredients 20.00% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer 5.00% montan acid wax 5.00% calcium ligninsulfonate1.00% polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers 2.00% stearylalcohol (POE 20) 0.20% polyorganosilane 0.05% colorant red dye 65.75%water

Example G

Fertilizer Stick active ingredients 2.50% pyrrolidone-styrene copolymer4.80% tristyrylphenyl 16-ethoxylate 2.30% talc 0.80% corn starch 5.00%Nitrophoska ® Permanent 15-9-15 slow-release 36.00% fertilizer (BASF)kaolin 38.00% water 10.60%

Compositions and mixtures of this invention are characterized byfavorable metabolic and/or soil residual patterns and exhibit activitycontrolling a spectrum of agronomic and non-agronomic invertebratepests. (In the context of this disclosure “invertebrate pest control”means inhibition of invertebrate pest development (including mortality)that causes significant reduction in feeding or other injury or damagecaused by the pest; related expressions are defined analogously.) Asreferred to in this disclosure, the term “invertebrate pest” includesarthropods, gastropods and nematodes of economic importance as pests.The term “arthropod” includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions,centipedes, millipedes, pill bugs and symphylans. The term “gastropod”includes snails, slugs and other Stylommatophora. The term “nematode”includes all of the helminths, such as: roundworms, heartworms, andphytophagous nematodes (Nematoda), flukes (Tematoda), Acanthocephala,and tapeworms (Cestoda). Those skilled in the art will recognize thatnot all compositions or mixtures are equally effective against allpests. Compositions and mixtures of this invention display activityagainst economically important agronomic and nonagronomic pests. Theterm “agronomic” refers to the production of field crops such as forfood and fiber and includes the growth of corn, soybeans and otherlegumes, rice, cereal (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, maize),leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage, and other cole crops),fruiting vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, crucifers andcucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g.,pome, stone and citrus), small fruit (berries, cherries) and otherspecialty crops (e.g., canola, sunflower, olives). The term“nonagronomic” refers to other horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouse,nursery or ornamental plants not grown in a field), residential andcommercial structures in urban and industrial settings, turf(commercial, golf, residential, recreational, etc.), wood products,stored product agro-forestry and vegetation management, public health(human) and animal health (pets, livestock, poultry, non-domesticatedanimals such as nature animals) applications. For reasons ofinvertebrate pest control spectrum and economic importance, protectionof agronomic crops from damage or injury caused by invertebrate pests bycontrolling invertebrate pests are embodiments of the invention.

Agronomic or nonagronomic pests include larvae of the order Lepidoptera,such as armyworms, cutworms; loopers, and heliothines in the familyNoctuidae (e.g., fall armyworm (Spodoptera fugiperda J. E. Smith), beetarmyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilonHufnagel), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), tobacco budworm(Heliothis virescens Fabricius)); borers, casebearers, webworms,coneworms, cabbageworms and skeletonizers from the family Pyralidae(e.g., European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), navel orangeworm(Amyelois transitella Walker), corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellusClemens), sod webworms (Pyralidae: Crambinae) such as sod webworm(Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker)); leafrollers, budworms, seed worms,and fruit worms in the family Tortricidae (e.g., codling moth (Cydiapomonella Linnaeus), grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana Clemens),oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck)); and many othereconomically important lepidoptera (e.g., diamondback moth (Plutellaxylostella Linnaeus), pink bollworm (Pectinophord gossypiella Saunders),gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus)); nymphs and adults of the orderBlattodea including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae andBlattidae (e.g., oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asiancockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (Blattellagerrnanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpaFabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), browncockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach(Leucophaea maderae Fabricius), smoky brown cockroach (Periplanetafuliginosa Service), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiaeFabr.), lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier) and smoothcockroach (Symploce pallens Stephens)); foliar feeding larvae and adultsof the order Coleoptera including weevils from the families Anthribidae,Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandisBoheman), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel), granaryweevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzaeLinnaeus), annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz),bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal), hunting billbug(Sphenophorus vencaus vestitus), Denver billbug (Sphenophoruscicatristriatus Fahraeus)); flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms,leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leafminers in the family Chrysomelidae(e.g., Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), westerncorn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte)); chafers andother beetles from the family Scaribaeidae (e.g., Japanese beetle(Popillia japonica Newman), oriental beetle (Anomala orientalisWaterhouse), northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow),southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculate Olivier), blackturfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), green June beetle(Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castaneaArrow), May/June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) and European chafer(Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky)); carpet beetles from the familyDermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from thefamily Scolytidae and flour beetles from the family Tenebrionidae. Inaddition, agronomic and nonagronomic pests include: adults and larvae ofthe order Dermaptera including earwigs from the family Forficulidae(e.g., European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus), black earwig(Chelisoches mono Fabricius)); adults and nymphs of the orders Hemipteraand Homoptera such as, plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas fromthe family Cicadidae, leafhoppers (e.g. Empoasca spp.) from the familyCicadellidae, planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae andDelphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from thefamily Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids fromthe family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae,mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scales from the familiesCoccidae, Diaspididae and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the familyTingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, chinch bugs (e.g.,hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and southernchinch bug (Blissus insularis Barber)) and other seed bugs from thefamily Lygaeidae, spittlebugs from the family Cercopidae, squash bugsfrom the family Coreidae, and red bugs and cotton stainers from thefamily Pyrrhocoridae. Also included are adults and larvae of the orderAcari (mites) such as spider mites and red mites in the familyTetranychidae (e.g., European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch), twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), McDaniel mite(Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor)); flat mites in the familyTenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor));rust and bud mites in the family Eriophyidae and other foliar feedingmites and mites important in human and animal health, i.e. dust mites inthe family Epidermoptidae, follicle mites in the family Demodicidae,grain mites in the family Glycyphagidae, ticks in the order Ixodidae(e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralysis tick(Ixodes holocyclus Neumann), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilisSay), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)) and scab and itchmites in the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; adultsand immatures of the order Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locustsand crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., Melanoplus sanguinipesFabricius, M. differentialis Thomas), American grasshoppers (e.g.,Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Schistocerca gregariaForskal), migratory locust (Locusta migrcrtoria Linnaeus), bush locust(Zonocerus spp.), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), molecrickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) andsouthern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)); adults andimmatures of the order Diptera including leafminers, midges, fruit flies(Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots,house flies (e.g., Musca domestica Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g.,Fannia canicularis Linnaeus, F. femoralis Stein), stable flies (e.g.,Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus), face flies, horn flies, blow flies (e.g.,Chrysomya spp., Phormia spp.), and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies(e.g., Tabanus spp.), bot flies (e.g., Gastrophilus spp., Oestrus spp.),cattle grubs (e.g., Hypoderma spp.), deer flies (e.g., Chrysops spp.),keds (e.g., Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus) and other Brachycera, mosquitoes(e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp.), black flies (e.g.,Prosimulium spp., Simulium spp.), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids,and other Nematocera; adults and immatures of the order Thysanopteraincluding onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips(Frankliniella spp.), and other foliar feeding thrips; insect pests ofthe order Hymenoptera including ants (e.g., red carpenter ant(Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotuspennsylvanicus De Geer), Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonic Linnaeus),little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ant (Solenopsisgeminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren),Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ant (Paratrechinalongicornis Latreille), pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus),cornfield ant (Lasius alienus Förster), odorous house ant (Tapinomasessile Say), bees (including carpenter bees), hornets, yellow jackets,wasps, and sawflies (Neodiprion spp.; Cephus spp.); insect pests of theFamily Formicidae including the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotusfloridanus Buckley), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes fr. Smith),big headed ants (Pheidole sp.) and ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalumFabricius); insect pests of the order Isoptera including termites in theTermitidae (ex. Macrotermes sp.), Kalotermitidae (ex. Cryptotermes sp.),and Rhinotermitidae (ex. Reticulitermes sp., Coptotermes sp.) familiesthe eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar),western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus Banks), Formosansubterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki), West Indiandrywood termite (Incisitermes immigrans Snyder), powder post termite(Cryptotermes brevis Walker), drywood termite (Incisitermes snyderiLight), southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicusBanks), western drywood termite (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arborealtermites such as Nasutitermes sp. and other termites of economicimportance; insect pests of the order Thysanura such as silverfish(Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domesticaPackard); insect pests of the order Mallophaga and including the headlouse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body louse (Pediculus humanushumanus Linnaeus), chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus Nitszch),dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (Goniocotesgallinae De Geer), sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis Schrank), short-nosedcattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle louse(Linognathus vituli Linnaeus) and other sucking and chewing parasiticlice that attack man and animals; insect pests of the order Siphonopteraincluding the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), catflea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canisCurtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea(Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus)and other fleas afflicting mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pestscovered include: spiders in the order Araneae such as the brown reclusespider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider(Latrodectus mactans Fabricius), and centipedes in the orderScutigeromorpha such as the house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrataLinnaeus). Mixtures and compositions of the present invention also haveactivity on members of the Classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, andAcanthocephala including economically important members of the ordersStrongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplidasuch as but not limited to economically important agricultural pests(i.e. root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, lesion nematodes inthe genus Pratylenchus, stubby root nematodes in the genus Trichodorus,etc.) and animal and human health pests (i.e. all economically importantflukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris inhorses, Toxocara canis in dogs, Haemonchus contortus in sheep,Dirofilaria immitis Leidy in dogs, Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses,Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus in ruminants, etc.).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling silverleafwhitefly (Bemisia argentifolii), wherein one embodiment comprises usinga mixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g.,imidacloprid, thiacloprid or thiamethoxam; a (b2) compound, e.g.,thiodicarb; a (b3) compound, e.g., deltamethrin; a (b4) compound, e.g.,buprofezin, cyromazine, hexaflumuron or novaluron; a (b7) compound,e.g., spinosad; a (b8) compound, e.g., fipronil; a (b9) compound, e.g.,methoprene; a. (b12) compound, e.g., pyridaben; or a (b13) compound,e.g., cartap. Of further note is use of a mixture of this invention forcontrolling silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii), wherein anotherembodiment comprises using a mixture wherein the component (b) is atleast one invertebrate pest control agent (or salt thereof) from each oftwo different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6),(b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16),(b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling westernflower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis), wherein one embodimentcomprises using a mixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound,e.g., imidacloprid; a (b4) compound, e.g., hexaflumuron; or a (b13)compound, e.g., cartap. Of further note is use of a mixture of thisinvention for controlling western flower thrip (Frankliniellaoccidentalis), wherein another embodiment comprises using a mixturewherein the component (b) is at least one invertebrate pest controlagent (or salt thereof) from each of two different groups selected from(b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11),(b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling potatoleafhopper (Empoasca fabae), wherein one embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g., dinotefuran,imidacloprid or nitenpyram; a (b2) compound, e.g., methomyl or oxamyl; a(b3) compound, e.g., deltamethrin, esfenvalerate or lambda-cyhalothrin;a (b4) compound, e.g., hexaflumuron, lufenuron or novaluron; a (b5)compound, e.g., methoxyfenozide; a (b7) compound, e.g., abamectin orspinosad; a (b9) compound, e.g., methoprene; a (b11) compound, e.g.,amitraz; a (b12) compound, e.g., hydramethylnon or chlorfenapyr; a (b15)compound, flonicamid; or a (b16) compound, pymetrozine. Of further noteis use of a mixture of this invention for controlling potato leafhopper(Empoasca fabae), wherein another embodiment comprises using a mixturewherein component (b) is at least one invertebrate pest control agent(or salt thereof) from each of two different groups selected from (b1),(b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12),(b13), (b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis), wherein one embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g., dinotefuranor thiacloprid; a (b2) compound, e.g., triazamate; a (b3) compound,e.g., indoxacarb; a (b9) compound, e.g., fenoxycarb; a (b14) compoundpyridalyl; a (b15) compound, flonicamid; a (b16) compound, pymetrozine;or a (b17) compound, dieldrin. Of further note is use of a mixture ofthis invention for controlling corn plant hopper (Peregrinus maidis),wherein another embodiment comprises using a mixture wherein thecomponent (b) is at least one invertebrate pest control agent (or saltthereof) from each of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2),(b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13),(b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling cottonmelon aphid (Aphis gossypii), wherein one embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g.,imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid or thiamethoxam; a (b2) compound,e.g., oxamyl; a (b3) compound, e.g., lambda-cyhalothrin; a (b4)compound, e.g., novaluron; a (b7) compound, e.g., abamectin; a (b8)compound, e.g., fipronil; a (b9) compound, e.g., fenoxycarb, methopreneor pyriproxyfen; a (b11) compound, e.g., amitraz; a (b12) compound,e.g., chlorfenapyr or pyridaben; a (b13) compound, e.g., cartap; a (b15)compound, flonicamid; a (b16) compound, pymetrozine; or a (b17)compound, dieldrin. Of further note is use of a mixture of thisinvention for controlling cotton melon aphid (Aphis gossypii), whereinanother embodiment comprises using a mixture wherein the component (b)is at least one invertebrate pest control agent (or salt thereof) fromeach of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5),(b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16),(b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling greenpeach aphid (Myzus persicae), wherein one embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g., acetamiprid,dinotefuran or imidacloprid; a (b2) compound, e.g., oxamyl; a (b7)compound, e.g., spinosad; a (b9) compound, e.g., methoprene; a (b15)compound, flonicamid; a (b16) compound, pymetrozine; or a (b17)compound, dieldrin. Of further note is use of a mixture of thisinvention for controlling green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), whereinanother embodiment comprises using a mixture wherein the component (b)is at least one invertebrate pest control agent (or salt thereof) fromeach of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5),(b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16),(b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling beetarmyworm (Spodoptera exigua), wherein one embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g.,imidacloprid; a (b2) compound, e.g., methomyl or oxamyl; or a (b3)compound, e.g., indoxacarb. Of further note is use of a mixture of thisinvention for controlling beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), whereinanother embodiment comprises using a mixture wherein the component (b)is at least one invertebrate pest control agent (or salt thereof) fromeach of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5),(b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16),(b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling cabbagelooper (Trichoplusia ni), wherein one embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g.,imidacloprid; a (b2) compound, e.g., methomyl or oxamyl; or a (b3)compound, e.g., indoxacarb. Of further note is use of a mixture of thisinvention for controlling cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), whereinanother embodiment comprises using a mixture wherein the component (b)is at least one invertebrate pest control agent (or salt thereof) fromeach of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5),(b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16),(b17), (b18) and (b19).

Of note is use of a mixture of this invention for controllingdiamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), wherein one embodiment comprisesusing a mixture wherein the component (b) is a (b1) compound, e.g.,imidacloprid; a (b2) compound, e.g., methomyl or oxamyl; a (b3)compound, e.g., indoxacarb; or a (b15) compound, flonicamid. Of furthernote is use of a mixture of this invention for controlling diamondbackmoth (Plutella xylostella), wherein another embodiment comprises using amixture wherein the component (b) is at least one invertebrate pestcontrol agent (or salt thereof) from each of two different groupsselected from (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9),(b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19).

Invertebrate pests are controlled in agronomic and nonagronomicapplications by applying a composition or mixture of this invention, inan effective amount, to the environment of the pests, including theagronomic and/or nonagronomic locus of infestation, to the area to beprotected, or directly on the pests to be controlled. Agronomicapplications include protecting afield crop from invertebrate peststypically by applying a composition or a mixture of the invention to theseed of the crop before the planting, to the foliage, stems, flowersand/or fruit of crop plants, or to the soil or other growth mediumbefore or after the crop is planted. Nonagronomic applications refer toinvertebrate pest control in the areas other than fields of crop plants.Nonagronomic applications include control of invertebrate pests instored grains, beans and other foodstuffs, and in textiles such asclothing and carpets. Nonagronomic applications also includeinvertebrate pest control in ornamental plants, forests, in yards, alongroad sides and railroad rights of way, and on turf such as lawns, golfcourses and pastures. Nonagronomic applications also includeinvertebrate pest control in houses and other buildings which may beoccupied by humans and/or companion, farm, ranch, zoo or other animalsNonagronomic applications also include the control of pests such astermites that can damage wood or other structural materials used inbuildings. Nonagronomic applications also include protecting human andanimal health by controlling invertebrate pests that are parasitic ortransmit infectious diseases. Such pests include, for example, chiggers,ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies and fleas.

Therefore, the present invention further comprises a method forcontrolling an invertebrate pest in agronomic and/or nonagronomicapplications, comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or itsenvironment with a biologically effective amount of a mixture comprisingthe compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or salt thereof; and at least oneinvertebrate pest control agent (or salt thereof) selected from thegroup consisting of (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8),(b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and(b19). Examples of suitable compositions comprising an effective amountof the compound of Formula 1 and an effective amount of a component (b)include granular compositions wherein the component (b) is present onthe same granule as the compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a saltthereof or on granules separate from those of the compound of Formula 1,an N-oxide or a salt thereof. Of note is an embodiment wherein component(b) is a (b1) compound, e.g. imidacloprid, a (b2) compound, e.g.,methomyl or oxamyl, or a (b3) compound, e.g., indoxacarb or component(b) comprises at least one invertebrate pest control agent (or saltthereof) from each of two different groups selected from (b1), (b2),(b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7), (b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13),(b14), (b15), (b16), (b17), (b18) and (b19).

One embodiment of a method of contact is by spraying. Alternatively, agranular composition comprising a mixture or composition of theinvention can be applied to the plant foliage or the soil. Mixtures andcompositions of this invention are also effectively delivered throughplant uptake by contacting the plant with a mixture or composition ofthis invention comprising the compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or asalt thereof and an invertebrate pest control agent of component (b)applied as a soil drench of a liquid formulation, a granular formulationto the soil, a nursery box treatment or a dip of transplants. Of note isa composition of the present invention in the form of a soil drenchliquid formulation. Also of note is a method for controlling aninvertebrate pest comprising contacting the soil environment of theinvertebrate pest with a biologically effective amount of the mixture ofthe present invention. Of further note are such methods wherein themixture is of Embodiment 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15-20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28-33,35, 36, 38-45 or 46.

Mixtures and compositions of this invention are also effective bytopical application to the locus of infestation. Other methods ofcontact include application of a mixture or composition of the inventionby direct and residual sprays, aerial sprays, gels, seed coatings,microencapsulations, systemic uptake, baits, eartags, boluses, foggers,fumigants, aerosols, dusts and many others. One embodiment of a methodof contact is a dimensionally stable fertilizer granule, stick or tabletcomprising a mixture or composition of the invention. The compositionsand mixtures of this invention can also be impregnated into materialsfor fabricating invertebrate control devices (e.g., insect netting).Seed coatings can be applied to all types of seeds, including those fromwhich plants genetically transformed to express specialized traits willgerminate. Representative examples include those expressing proteinstoxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxin orthose expressing herbicide resistance, such as “Roundup Ready” seed. Amixture or composition of this invention can be incorporated into a baitcomposition that is consumed by an invertebrate pest or used within adevice such as a trap, bait station, and the like. Such a baitcomposition can be in the form of granules which comprise (a) activeingredients, namely the compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or saltthereof; (b) an invertebrate pest control agent or salt thereof selectedfrom the group consisting of (b1), (b2), (b3), (b4), (b5), (b6), (b7),(b8), (b9), (b10), (b11), (b12), (b13), (b14), (b15), (b16), (b17),(b18) and (b19); (c) one or more food materials; optionally (d) anattractant, and optionally (e) one or more humectants. Of note aregranules or bait compositions which comprise between about 0.001-5%active ingredients, about 40-99% food material and/or attractant; andoptionally about 0.05-10% humectants, which are effective in controllingsoil invertebrate pests at very low application rates, particularly atdoses of active ingredient that are lethal by ingestion rather than bydirect contact. Some food materials can function both as a food sourceand an attractant. Food materials include carbohydrates, proteins andlipids. Examples of food materials are vegetable flour, sugar, starches,animal fat, vegetable oil, yeast extracts and milk solids. Examples ofattractants are odorants and flavorants, such as fruit or plantextracts, perfume, or other animal or plant component, pheromones orother agents known to attract a target invertebrate pest. Examples ofhumectants, i.e. moisture retaining agents, are glycols and otherpolyols, glycerine and sorbitol. Of note is a bait composition (and amethod utilizing such a bait composition) used to control at least oneinvertebrate pest selected from the group consisting of ants, termitesand cockroaches, including individually or in combinations. A device forcontrolling an invertebrate pest can comprise the present baitcomposition and a housing adapted to receive the bait composition,wherein the housing has at least one opening sized to permit theinvertebrate pest to pass through the opening so the invertebrate pestcan gain access to the bait composition from a location outside thehousing, and wherein the housing is further adapted to be placed in ornear a locus of potential or known activity for the invertebrate pest.

The mixtures and compositions of this invention can be applied withoutother adjuvants, but most often application will be of a formulationcomprising one or more active ingredients with suitable carriers,diluents, and surfactants and possibly in combination with a fooddepending on the contemplated end use. One method of applicationinvolves spraying a water dispersion or refined oil solution of themixture or composition of the present invention. Combinations with sprayoils, spray oil concentrations, spreader stickers, adjuvants, othersolvents, and synergists such as piperonyl butoxide often enhancecompound efficacy. For nonagronomic uses such sprays can be applied fromspray containers such as a can, a bottle or other container, either bymeans of a pump or by releasing it from a pressurized container, e.g., apressurized aerosol spray can. Such spray compositions can take variousforms, for example, sprays, mists, foams, fumes or fog. Such spraycompositions thus can further comprise propellants, foaming agents, etc.as the case may be. Of note is a spray composition comprising a mixtureor composition of the present invention and a propellant. Representativepropellants include, but are not limited to, methane, ethane, propane,butane, isobutane, butene, pentane, isopentane, neopentane, pentene,hydrofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, dimethyl ether, and mixtures ofthe foregoing. Of note is a spray composition (and a method utilizingsuch a spray composition dispensed from a spray container) used tocontrol at least one invertebrate pest selected from the groupconsisting of mosquitoes, black flies, stable flies, deer flies, horseflies, wasps, yellow jackets, hornets, ticks, spiders, ants, gnats, andthe like, including individually or in combinations.

The rate of application required for effective control (i.e.“biologically effective amount”) will depend on such factors as thespecies of invertebrate to be controlled, the pest's life cycle, lifestage, its size, location, time of year, host crop or animal, feedingbehavior, mating behavior, ambient moisture, temperature, and the like.Under normal circumstances, application rates of about 0.01 to 2 kg ofactive ingredients per hectare are sufficient to control pests inagronomic ecosystems, but as little as 0.0001 kg/hectare may besufficient or as much as 8 kg/hectare may be required. For nonagronomicapplications, effective use rates will range from about 1.0 to 50mg/square meter but as little as 0.1 mg/square meter may be sufficientor as much as 150 mg/square meter may be required. One skilled in theart can easily determine the biologically effective amount necessary forthe desired level of invertebrate pest control.

Synergism has been described as “the cooperative action of twocomponents (e.g., component (a) and component (b)) in a mixture, suchthat the total effect is greater or more prolonged than the sum of theeffects of the two (or more) taken independently” (see P. M. L. Tames,Neth. J. Plant Pathology 1964, 70, 73-80). Mixtures containing thecompound of Formula 1 together with other invertebrate pest controlagents are found to exhibit synergistic effects against certainimportant invertebrate pests.

The presence of a synergistic effect between two active ingredients isestablished with the aid of the Colby equation (see S. R. Colby,“Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of HerbicideCombinations”, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22):

$p = {A + B - \lbrack \frac{A \times B}{100} \rbrack}$

Using the method of Colby, the presence of a synergistic interactionbetween two active ingredients is established by first calculating thepredicted activity, p, of the mixture based on activities of the twocomponents applied alone. If p is lower than the experimentallyestablished effect, synergism has occurred. If p is equal or higher thanthe experimentally established effect, the interaction between the twocomponents is characterized to be only additive or antagonism. In theequation above, A is the observed result of one component applied aloneat rate x. The B term is the observed result of the second componentapplied at rate y. The equation estimates p, the observed result of themixture of A at rate x with B at rate y if their effects are strictlyadditive and no interaction has occurred. To use the Colby equation theactive ingredients of the mixture are applied in the test separately aswell as in combination.

Biological Examples of the Invention

The following tests demonstrate the control efficacy of mixtures orcompositions of this invention on specific pests. The pest controlprotection afforded by the mixtures or compositions is not limited,however, to these species. The analysis of synergism or antagonismbetween the mixtures or compositions was determined using Colby'sequation. The average % mortality data for the test compounds alone wereinserted into the Colby's equation. If the observed (obs) average %mortality was higher than “p”, the expected % mortality, the mixture orcomposition had synergistic effects. If the observed average % mortalitywas equal to or lower than the expected mortality, the mixture orcomposition either had no synergistic effect or an antagonistic effect.In these tests, Compound 1 (Cpd 1) is the compound of Formula 1.

Test A

For evaluating control of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifoliiBellows and Perring) through contact and/or systemic means, each testunit consisted of a small open container with a 12- to 14-day-old cottonplant inside. This was pre-infested by placing test units into cagesinfested with adult whiteflies so that oviposition on the cotton leavescould occur. The adults were removed from the plants with an air-blastnozzle, and the test units were capped. The test units were then stored2 to 3 days before spraying.

Test compounds were formulated using a solution containing 10% acetone,90% water and 300 ppm X-77® Spreader Lo-Foam Formula non-ionicsurfactant containing alkylarylpolyoxyethylene, free fatty acids,glycols and 2-propanol (Loveland Industries, Inc.) to provide thedesired concentration in ppm. Formulated test solutions were thenapplied in 1 mL volumes through a SUJ2 atomizer nozzle with 1/8 JJcustom body (Spraying Systems Co.) positioned 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) abovethe top of each test unit.

The results for all experimental compositions in this test werereplicated three times. After spraying of the formulated testcomposition, each test unit was allowed to dry for 1 hour and the capremoved. The test units were held for 13 days in a growth chamber at 28°C. and 50-70% relative humidity. Each test unit was then assessed forinsect mortality using a binocular microscope; the results are listed inTables 2A and 2B.

TABLE 2A Silverleaf Whitefly Compound 1 Imidacloprid % Mortality %Mortality (ppm) (ppm) Ratio (observed) (calculated) 6 0 — 0 — 8 0 — 4 —10 0 — 1 — 0 10 — 1 — 0 22 — 2 — 0 48 — 25 — 6 10 1:1.7 24 1 6 22 1:3.746 2 6 48 1:8.0 83 25 8 10 1:1.3 49 5 8 22 1:2.8 59 6 8 48 1:6  87 28 1010 1:1  21 2 10 22 1:2.2 68 3 10 48 1:4.8 59 26

TABLE 2B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality SilverleafWhitefly (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1  6 3  8 3  10 5Methomyl 10 4 100  3 1000 6 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 6 + 10 8 8 + 10 0 10 + 10 0Cpd 1 + Methomyl  6 + 100 4  8 + 100 0  10 + 100 0 Cpd 1 + Methomyl  6 +1000 5  8 + 1000 9  10 + 1000 6 Amitraz 500  5 1000  0 2000 0 Cpd 1 +Amitraz  6 + 500 0  8 + 500 0  10 + 500 1 Cpd 1 + Amitraz  6 + 1000 0 8 + 1000 0  10 + 1000 0 Cpd 1 + Amitraz  6 + 2000 0  8 + 2000 0  10 +2000 0 Thiamethoxam  5 15  15 78   30 92  Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 6 + 5 43* 8 + 5  28* 10 + 5  72* Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 6 + 15 93* 8 + 15 80*10 + 15 60  Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 6 + 30 99* 8 + 30 96* 10 + 30 100* Pyridaben 20 21  30 55   50 73  Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 6 + 20 4 8 + 20 4 10 +20 18  Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 6 + 30 18  8 + 30 38  10 + 30 47  Cpd 1 +Pyridaben 6 + 50 100*  8 + 50 100*  10 + 50 100*  Flonicamid   0.1 2  0.2 2    0.5 2 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid  6 + 0.1 0  8 + 0.1 0  10 + 0.1 5Cpd 1 + Flonicamid  6 + 0.2 0  8 + 0.2 0  10 + 0.2 0 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 6 + 0.5 0  8 + 0.5 2  10 + 0.5 4 Dieldrin 10 0 100  0 1000 0 Cpd 1 +Dieldrin 6 + 10 1 8 + 10 0 10 + 10 0 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin  6 + 100 0  8 +100 0  10 + 100 0 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin  6 + 1000 0  8 + 1000 0  10 + 1000 0Spinosad 100  66  150  69   300 95  Cpd 1 + Spinosad  6 + 100 75*  8 +100 88*  10 + 100 78* Cpd 1 + Spinosad  6 + 150 96*  8 + 150 89*  10 +150 96* Cpd 1 + Spinosad  6 + 300 100*   8 + 300 100*   10 + 300 100* Fipronil 50 1 100  0 1000 13  Cpd 1 + Fipronil 6 + 50 5 8 + 50 2 10 + 5013  Cpd 1 + Fipronil  6 + 100 2  8 + 100 26*  10 + 100 19* Cpd 1 +Fipronil  6 + 1000 16   8 + 1000 16   10 + 1000 23  Pyriproxyfen 10 100 15 100   20 100  Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 6 + 10 77  8 + 10 85  10 + 10 100 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 6 + 15 98  8 + 15 100  10 + 15 100  Cpd 1 +Pyriproxyfen 6 + 20 99  8 + 20 90  10 + 20 100  Pymetrozine 10 3 100  71000 52  Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 6 + 10 0 8 + 10 0 10 + 10 0 Cpd 1 +Pymetrozine  6 + 100 3  8 + 100 0  10 + 100 0 Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine  6 +1000 0  8 + 1000 0  10 + 1000 1 Buprofezin 300  75  500  65  1000 96 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin  6 + 300 57   8 + 300 99*  10 + 300 98* Cpd 1 +Buprofezin  6 + 500 93*  8 + 500 97*  10 + 500 96* Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 6 + 1000 99*  8 + 1000 100*   10 + 1000 98* Chlorfenapyr 10 6 100  14 1000 18  Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 6 + 10 8 8 + 10 10* 10 + 10 1 Cpd 1 +Chlorfenapyr  6 + 100 2  8 + 100 1  10 + 100 3 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr  6 +1000 35*  8 + 1000 49*  10 + 1000 13  Chlorpyrifos 500  0 1000  0 2000 0Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos  6 + 500 4  8 + 500 1  10 + 500 8 Cpd 1 +Chlorpyrifos  6 + 1000 1  8 + 1000 1  10 + 1000 7 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 6 + 2000 7  8 + 2000 2  10 + 2000 2 Cyromazine 10 1 100  2 1000 2 Cpd1 + Cyromazine 6 + 10 41* 8 + 10 84* 10 + 10 79* Cpd 1 + Cyromazine  6 +100 63*  8 + 100 75*  10 + 100 88* Cpd 1 + Cyromazine  6 + 1000 51*  8 +1000 66*  10 + 1000 91* Fenoxycarb  2 0 10 0  20 21  Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb6 + 2  0 8 + 2  2 10 + 2  0 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 6 + 10 4 8 + 10 11  10 +10 14  Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 6 + 20 29* 8 + 20 35* 10 + 20 33* Methoprene500  11  1000  22  2000 60  Cpd 1 + Methoprene  6 + 500 3  8 + 500 9 10 + 500 17* Cpd 1 + Methoprene  6 + 1000 52*  8 + 1000 59*  10 + 100090* Cpd 1 + Methoprene  6 + 2000 63*  8 + 2000 78*  10 + 2000 97*Indoxacarb  1 0  3 0  10 0 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 6 + 1  0 8 + 1  0 10 + 1 0 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 6 + 3  0 8 + 3  0 10 + 3  0 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 6 +10 0 8 + 10 0 10 + 10 0 Thiodicarb 100  1 1000  0 3000 6 Cpd 1 +Thiodicarb  6 + 100 7  8 + 100 8  10 + 100 8 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb  6 +1000 5  8 + 1000 7  10 + 1000 17* Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb  6 + 3000 39*  8 +3000 18   10 + 3000 11  Tebufenozide 100  2 1000  6 3000 7 Cpd 1 +Tebufenozide  6 + 100 26*  8 + 100 10   10 + 100 15* Cpd 1 +Tebufenozide  6 + 1000 5  8 + 1000 1  10 + 1000 8 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 6 + 3000 3  8 + 3000 4  10 + 3000 20* Deltamethrin 30 2 40 0  50 1 Cpd1 + Deltamethrin 6 + 30 6 8 + 30 4 10 + 30 13  Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 6 +40 3 8 + 40 21* 10 + 40 17* Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 6 + 50 3 8 + 50 14*10 + 50 16* Oxamyl   0.1 2   0.3 0   1 1 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl  6 + 0.1 1  8 +0.1 2  10 + 0.1 4 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl  6 + 0.3 1  8 + 0.3 0  10 + 0.3 10* Cpd1 + Oxamyl 6 + 1  2 8 + 1  11* 10 + 1  7 Hexaflumuron 10 1 60 0  360 0Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 6 + 10 37* 8 + 10 41* 10 + 10 90* Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron 6 + 60 51* 8 + 60 71* 10 + 60 75* Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron  6 +360 78*  8 + 360 75*  10 + 360 75* Acetamiprid  1 3  5 45   20 83  Cpd1 + Acetamiprid 6 + 1  13* 8 + 1  1 10 + 1  4 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 6 + 5 39  8 + 5  50* 10 + 5  45  Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 6 + 20 91* 8 + 20 93*10 + 20 87* Cartap   0.1 0   0.2 0    0.5 0 Cpd 1 + Cartap  6 + 0.1 1 8 + 0.1 14*  10 + 0.1 11* Cpd 1 + Cartap  6 + 0.2 0  8 + 0.2 2  10 +0.2 16* Cpd 1 + Cartap  6 + 0.5 16*  8 + 0.5 2  10 + 0.5 25*Esfenvalerate 50 1 100  0  200 0 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 6 + 50 5 8 + 50 110 + 50 4 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate  6 + 100 3  8 + 100 6  10 + 100 2 Cpd1 + Esfenvalerate  6 + 200 2  8 + 200 12*  10 + 200 0 Thiacloprid 15 40 25 83   35 61  Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 6 + 15 81* 8 + 15 66* 10 + 15 97* Cpd1 + Thiacloprid 6 + 25 89* 8 + 25 75  10 + 25 93* Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid6 + 35 99* 8 + 35 100*  10 + 35 99* Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 0 50 1  250100  Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 6 + 10 0 8 + 10 2 10 + 10 11* Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 6 + 50 0 8 + 50 23* 10 + 50 10* Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin  6 + 250 6  8 + 250 14   10 + 250 89  Hydramethylnon10 2 100  1 1000 0 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 6 + 10 0 8 + 10 5 10 + 10 0Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon  6 + 100 0  8 + 100 1  10 + 100 3 Cpd 1 +Hydramethylnon  6 + 1000 0  8 + 1000 0  10 + 1000 2 Methoxyfenozide  2 110 2  50 1 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 6 + 2  1 8 + 2  0 10 + 2  2 Cpd 1 +Methoxyfenozide 6 + 10 0 8 + 10 0 10 + 10 4 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 6 +50 6 8 + 50 3 10 + 50 4 Nitenpyram 20 53  30 84   40 85  Cpd 1 +Nitenpyram 6 + 20 59* 8 + 20 61* 10 + 20 47  Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 6 + 3056  8 + 30 79  10 + 30 55  Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 6 + 40 64  8 + 40 99* 10 +40 91* Pyridalyl 10 0 25 0  100 0 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 6 + 10 0 8 + 10 010 + 10 0 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 6 + 25 0 8 + 25 0 10 + 25 0 Cpd 1 +Pyridalyl  6 + 100 1  8 + 100 0  10 + 100 1 Dinotefuran 10 74  25 97  100 100  Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 6 + 10 4 8 + 10 3 10 + 10 19  Cpd 1 +Dinotefuran 6 + 25 72  8 + 25 74  10 + 25 88  Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran  6 +100 100   8 + 100 99   10 + 100 98  Novaluron  2 2 10 0  250 28  Cpd 1 +Novaluron 6 + 2  5 8 + 2   8* 10 + 2  3 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 6 + 10 25* 8 +10 1 10 + 10 11* Cpd 1 + Novaluron  6 + 250 72*  8 + 250 67*  10 + 25041* *indicates the observed % mortality is higher than the calculated %mortality by Colby equation.

Test B

For evaluating control of the western flower thrip (Frankliniellaoccidentalis Pergande) through contact and/or systemic means, each testunit consisted of a small open container with a 5- to 7-day-old bean(var. Soleil) plant inside.

Test solutions were formulated and sprayed with 3 replications asdescribed for Test A. After spraying, the test units were allowed to dryfor 1 hour, 22 to 27 adult thrips were added to each unit and then ablack, screened cap was placed on top. The test units were held for 7days at 25° C. and 45-55% relative humidity. Each test unit was thenvisually assessed for insect mortality; the results are listed in Tables3A and 3B.

TABLE 3A Western Flower Thrips Compound 1 Imidacloprid % Mortality %Mortality (ppm) (ppm) Ratio (observed) (calculated) 8 0 — 3 — 25 0 — 17— 81 0 — 30 — 0 11 — 20 — 0 77 — 37 — 0 561 — 90 — 8 11 1:1.4 23 22 8 771:9.6 60 39 8 561 1:70  90 90 25 11 2.3:1   17 34 25 77 1:3.1 63 48 25561  1:22.4 90 92 81 11 7.4:1   37 44 81 77 1.1:1   70 56 81 561 1:6.993 93

TABLE 3B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality WesternFlower Thrip (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1 10 44  50 49 100 46 Methomyl 30 60 100 60  300 100  Cpd 1 + Methomyl 10 + 30   80*50 + 30  60 100 + 30  60 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 10 + 100  80* 50 + 100 80100 + 100  80* Cpd 1 + Methomyl 10 + 300 100  50 + 300 90 100 + 300 90Amitraz 10 40 100 30 1000 20 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 10 + 10   70* 50 + 10  40100 + 10  60 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 10 + 100 60 50 + 100  70* 100 + 100 60 Cpd1 + Amitraz  10 + 1000 50  50 + 1000 30  100 + 1000  60* Thiamethoxam  520  50 80  250 90 Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 10 + 5  20 50 + 5  30 100 + 5  50Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 10 + 70  70 50 + 70  40 100 + 70  60 Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam 10 + 250 90 50 + 250 90 100 + 250 90 Pyridaben 10 30  80 50 200 60 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 10 + 10  50 50 + 10  20 100 + 10  30 Cpd 1 +Pyridaben 10 + 80  50 50 + 80  40 100 + 80  20 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 10 +200  80* 50 + 200 60 100 + 200 70 Flonicamid 10 20 100 80 1000 70 Cpd1 + Flonicamid 10 + 10  40 50 + 10  60 100 + 10  40 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid10 + 100 60 50 + 100 70 100 + 100 50 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid  10 + 1000 70 50 + 1000 70  100 + 1000 80 Dieldrin 10 10 100 20 1000 30 Cpd 1 +Dieldrin 10 + 10  20 50 + 10  20 100 + 10  20 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 10 + 10010 50 + 100 40 100 + 100 30 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin  10 + 1000 20  50 + 1000 30 100 + 1000 30 Spinosad   0.1 20    0.5 60   3 90 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 10 +0.1  30 50 + 0.1  10 100 + 0.1  10 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 10 + 0.5  30 50 +0.5  50 100 + 0.5  50 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 10 + 3  90 50 + 3  70 100 + 3  60Fipronil   0.5 100   2 100   10 100  Cpd 1 + Fipronil 10 + 0.5  100 50 + 0.5  100  100 + 0.5  100  Cpd 1 + Fipronil 10 + 2  100  50 + 2 100  100 + 2  100  Cpd 1 + Fipronil 10 + 10  100  50 + 10  100  100 +10  100  Pyriproxyfen 10 100  100 100  1000 100  Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen10 + 10  100  50 + 10  100  100 + 10  100  Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 10 + 100100  50 + 100 100  100 + 100 100  Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen  10 + 1000 100  50 + 1000 100   100 + 1000 100  Pymetrozine 10 100  100 100  1000 100 Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 10 + 10  100  50 + 10  100  100 + 10  100  Cpd 1 +Pymetrozine 10 + 100 100  50 + 100 100  100 + 100 100  Cpd 1 +Pymetrozine  10 + 1000 100   50 + 1000 100   100 + 1000 100  Buprofezin10 20 100 20 1000 30 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 10 + 10  20 50 + 10  10 100 +10  30 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 10 + 100  0 50 + 100 10 100 + 100 20 Cpd 1 +Buprofezin  10 + 1000 20  50 + 1000 20  100 + 1000 30 Chlorfenapyr  5 40 20 70  150 90 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 10 + 5  20 50 + 5  30 100 + 5  40Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 10 + 20  40 50 + 20  30 100 + 20  40 Cpd 1 +Chlorfenapyr 10 + 150 90 50 + 150 90 100 + 150 90 Chlorpyrifos 10 20 10010 1000 10 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 10 + 10  20 50 + 10  40 100 + 10  10 Cpd1 + Chlorpyrifos 10 + 100 20 50 + 100 10 100 + 100 10 Cpd 1 +Chlorpyrifos  10 + 1000 30  50 + 1000 10  100 + 1000 20 Cyromazine 200 70 500 80 1000 70 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 10 + 200 20 50 + 200 70 100 + 20080 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 10 + 500 80 50 + 500 40 100 + 500 40 Cpd 1 +Cyromazine  10 + 1000 50  50 + 1000 70  100 + 1000 40 Fenoxycarb 10 40100 70 1000 60 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 10 + 10  20 50 + 10  60 100 + 10   70*Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 10 + 100 60 50 + 100 70 100 + 100 70 Cpd 1 +Fenoxycarb  10 + 1000 20  50 + 1000 40  100 + 1000  80* Methoprene 10 80100 60 1000 70 Cpd 1 + Methoprene 10 + 10  50 50 + 10  50 100 + 10  70Cpd 1 + Methoprene 10 + 100 40 50 + 100 50 100 + 100  80* Cpd 1 +Methoprene  10 + 1000 60  50 + 1000 70  100 + 1000 40 Indoxacarb  1 50500 50 3000 50 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 10 + 1  60 50 + 1  60 100 + 1  60 Cpd1 + Indoxacarb 10 + 500 50 50 + 500 40 100 + 500 60 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 10 + 3000 50  50 + 3000 60  100 + 3000  80* Triazamate 10 70 1000  803000 90 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 10 + 10  60 50 + 10  70 100 + 10   90* Cpd1 + Triazamate  10 + 1000 70  50 + 1000 60  100 + 1000 80 Cpd 1 +Triazamate  10 + 3000 70  50 + 3000 80  100 + 3000 80 Thiodicarb 20 60200 80 2000 1000  Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 10 + 20  60 50 + 20  50 100 + 20 40 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 10 + 200 80 50 + 200 60 100 + 200 70 Cpd 1 +Thiodicarb  10 + 2000 90  50 + 2000 100   100 + 2000 90 Tebufenozide100  70 1000  60 3000 60 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 10 + 100 50 50 + 100 70100 + 100  90* Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide  10 + 1000 80  50 + 1000 70  100 +1000 50 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide  10 + 3000 70  50 + 3000  90*  100 + 300060 Deltamethrin 10 70 1000  70 3000 50 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 10 + 10  5050 + 10  70 100 + 10  70 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin  10 + 1000 70  50 + 100070  100 + 1000 70 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin  10 + 3000 70  50 + 3000 80 100 + 3000 70 Oxamyl  1 30  50 40  500 100  Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 10 + 1  2050 + 1  40 100 + 1   70* Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 10 + 50  30 50 + 50  60 100 +50  60 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 10 + 500 100  50 + 500 100  100 + 500 100 Acetamiprid  1 70 100 90 3000 100  Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 10 + 1  70 50 +1  60 100 + 1  60 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 10 + 100 80 50 + 100 80 100 + 10080 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid  10 + 3000 100   50 + 3000 100   100 + 3000 100 Cartap  1 40 1000  100  3000 100  Cpd 1 + Cartap 10 + 1  100* 50 + 1 100* 100 + 1  100* Cpd 1 + Cartap  10 + 1000 100   50 + 1000 100   100 +1000 100  Cpd 1 + Cartap  10 + 3000 100   50 + 3000 100   100 + 3000100  Esfenvalerate 10 20  20 40  30 30 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 10 + 10  4050 + 10  60 100 + 10  20 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 10 + 20  50 50 + 20  50100 + 20  40 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 10 + 30  40 50 + 30  50 100 + 30  10Thiacloprid  1 20 100 30 3000 40 Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 10 + 1  30 50 + 1 30 100 + 1  30 Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 10 + 100 30 50 + 100 30 100 + 100 60Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid  10 + 3000 60  50 + 3000 50  100 + 3000 70Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 40  50 40  250 40 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 +10  40 50 + 10  40 100 + 10  40 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 + 50  4050 + 50  50 100 + 50  50 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 + 250 30 50 + 25040 100 + 250 60 Hydramethylnon 10 60 500 50 1000 40 Cpd 1 +Hydramethylnon 10 + 10  40 50 + 10  60 100 + 10  50 Cpd 1 +Hydramethylnon 10 + 500 40 50 + 500 60 100 + 500 30 Cpd 1 +Hydramethylnon  10 + 1000 40  50 + 1000 30  100 + 1000 40 Clothianidin100  90 500 100  1000 100  Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 10 + 100 60 50 + 100 90100 + 100 70 Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 10 + 500 80 50 + 500 80 100 + 500 90Cpd 1 + Clothianidin  10 + 1000 100   50 + 1000 100   100 + 1000 100 Lufenuron 10 90 100 80  500 80 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 10 + 10  90 50 + 10 100* 100 + 10  90 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 10 + 100 90 50 + 100 90 100 + 100 90Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 10 + 500 90 50 + 500 100* 100 + 500 90 Abamectin  1100   10 100   100 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 10 + 1  100  50 + 1  100 100 + 1  100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 10 + 10  100  50 + 10  100  100 + 10 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 10 + 100 100  50 + 100 100  100 + 100 100 Methoxyfenozide 10 60 100 60  500 60 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 10 + 10  5050 + 10  60 100 + 10  50 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 10 + 50  40 50 + 50  50100 + 50  40 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 10 + 500 60 50 + 500 60 100 + 50070 Nitenpyram  5 20  50 50  500 80 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 10 + 5  30 50 + 5 30 100 + 5  40 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 10 + 50  50 50 + 50  50 100 + 50  40Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 10 + 500 90 50 + 500 80 100 + 500 90 Pyridalyl  5 30 50 60  500 100  Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 10 + 5  50 50 + 5  50 100 + 5  30 Cpd1 + Pyridalyl 10 + 50  60 50 + 50  50 100 + 50  50 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl10 + 500 90 50 + 500 100  100 + 500 90 Dinotefuran   0.5 50  20 60  10070 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 10 + 0.5  40 50 + 0.5  70 100 + 0.5   80* Cpd 1 +Dinotefuran 10 + 20  40 50 + 20  80 100 + 20   80* Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran10 + 100 60 50 + 100 80 100 + 100 80 Novaluron  1 50 100 50 1000 80 Cpd1 + Novaluron 10 + 1  40 50 + 1  70 100 + 1  50 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 10 +100 60 50 + 100  80* 100 + 100  80* Cpd 1 + Novaluron  10 + 1000 60 50 + 1000 50  100 + 1000 70 *indicates the observed % mortality ishigher than the calculated % mortality by Colby equation.

Test C

For evaluating control of potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris)through contact and/or systemic means, each test unit consisted of asmall open container with a 5- to 6-day-old Longio bean plant (primaryleaves emerged) inside. White sand was added to the top of the soil, andone of the primary leaves was excised prior to application. Testcompounds were formulated and sprayed with 3 replications as describedfor Test A. After spraying, the test units were allowed to dry for 1hour before they were infested with 5 potato leafhoppers (18- to21-day-old adults). A black, screened cap was placed on the top of eachcontainer. The test units were held for 6 days in a growth chamber at19-21° C. and 50-70% relative humidity. Each test unit was then visuallyassessed for insect mortality; the results are listed in Tables 4A and4B.

TABLE 4A Potato Leafhopper Compound 1 Imidacloprid % Mortality %Mortality (ppm) (ppm) Ratio (observed) (calculated) 0.4 0 — 0 — 1.4 0 —0 — 4.6 0 — 0 — 0 0.2 — 20 — 0 0.4 — 0 — 0 1 — 20 — 0.4 0.2 2:1 7 20 0.40.4 1:1 0 0 0.4 1  1:2.5 60 20 1.4 0.2 7:1 27 20 1.4 0.4 3.5:1  27 0 1.41 1.4:1  40 20 4.6 0.2 23:1  13 20 4.6 0.4 11.5:1   33 0 4.6 1 4.6:1  7320

TABLE 4B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality Potato LeafHopper (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1 4   23  14  37  5054 Methomyl 1   0 2 53   5 100  Cpd 1 + Methomyl 4 + 1 53* 14 + 1 4050 + 1 53 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 4 + 2 67* 14 + 2  93* 50 + 2  87* Cpd 1 +Methomyl 4 + 5 100  14 + 5 100  50 + 5 93 Amitraz 10   0 100   7 1000 13Cpd 1 + Amitraz  4 + 10 0  14 + 10 40  50 + 10 40 Cpd 1 + Amitraz  4 +100 7  14 + 100  93*  50 + 100  80* Cpd 1 + Amitraz   4 + 1000 53*  14 + 1000  87*   50 + 1000  93* Thiamethoxam 0.1 80    0.2 100     0.4100  Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam  4 + 0.1 60   14 + 0.1 67  50 + 0.1 67 Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam  4 + 0.2 73   14 + 0.2 73  50 + 0.2 60 Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 4 + 0.4 93   14 + 0.4 100   50 + 0.4 100  Pyridaben 1   0   2.5 13  10100  Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 4 + 1 7 14 + 1 40 50 + 1 33 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 4 + 2.5 20   14 + 2.5 33  50 + 2.5 47 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben  4 + 10 47  14 + 10 33  50 + 10 100  Flonicamid 100    100  400  100  1000 40 Cpd1 + Flonicamid  4 + 100 100   14 + 100 100   50 + 100 100  Cpd 1 +Flonicamid  4 + 400 100   14 + 400 93  50 + 400 100  Cpd 1 + Flonicamid  4 + 1000 100    14 + 1000 100    50 + 1000 100  Dieldrin 2.5 27  5100   10 100  Cpd 1 + Dieldrin  4 + 2.5 33   14 + 2.5  93*  50 + 2.5 33Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 4 + 5 67  14 + 5 100  50 + 5 100  Cpd 1 + Dieldrin  4 +10 100   14 + 10 100   50 + 10 73 Spinosad 110    47  30  73  100 80 Cpd1 + Spinosad  4 + 10 87*  14 + 10  73*  50 + 10 100* Cpd 1 + Spinosad 4 + 30 100*   14 + 30 100*  50 + 30 100* Cpd 1 + Spmosad  4 + 100 100*  14 + 100 100*  50 + 100 100* Fipronil 0.5 7 1 20    1.5 27 Cpd 1 +Fipronil  4 + 0.5 20   14 + 0.5 40  50 + 0.5 60 Cpd 1 + Fipronil 4 + 140  14 + 1 53 50 + 1  93* Cpd 1 + Fipronil  4 + 1.5 53*  14 + 1.5 33 50 + 1.5 73 Pyriproxyfen 10   13  100   0 1000  7 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 4 + 10 13   14 + 10  53*  50 + 10 53 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen  4 + 100 33* 14 + 100 33  50 + 100 53 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen   4 + 1000 33*   14 +1000 53   50 + 1000 40 Pymetrozine 2   0 15  13  200 60 Cpd 1 +Pymetrozine 4 + 2 20  14 + 2  60* 50 + 2  73* Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine  4 +15 53*  14 + 15  60*  50 + 15  73* Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine  4 + 200 53  14 + 200  87*  50 + 200 73 Buprofezin 10   20  100  20 1000  0 Cpd 1 +Buprofezin  4 + 10 0  14 + 10 13  50 + 10 13 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin  4 + 10020   14 + 100  0  50 + 100  0 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin   4 + 1000 13    14 +1000  0   50 + 1000 7 Chlorfenapyr 1   73  5 100   20 100  Cpd 1 +Chlorfenapyr 4 + 1 87* 14 + 1 80 50 + 1 100* Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 4 + 5100  14 + 5 100  50 + 5 100  Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr  4 + 20 87   14 + 20100   50 + 20 100  Chlorpyrifos 10   13  100   0 1000  7 Cpd 1 +Chlorpyrifos  4 + 10 7  14 + 10  7  50 + 10 13 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos  4 +100 0  14 + 100  0  50 + 100 20 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos   4 + 1000 0   14 +1000 13   50 + 1000 20 Cyromazine 10   7 100   0 1000  0 Cpd 1 +Cyromazine  4 + 10 7  14 + 10  7  50 + 10  60* Cpd 1 + Cyromazine  4 +100 0  14 + 100 27  50 + 100 100* Cpd 1 + Cyromazine   4 + 1000 13   14 + 1000 27   50 + 1000 33 Fenoxycarb 10   0 100  20 1000  0 Cpd 1 +Fenoxycarb  4 + 10 7  14 + 10 13  50 + 10 40 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb  4 + 1000  14 + 100 13  50 + 100 20 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb   4 + 1000 13    14 +1000 27   50 + 1000 13 Methoprene 10   0 100   0 1000  0 Cpd 1 +Methoprene  4 + 10 20   14 + 10 100*  50 + 10  93* Cpd 1 + Methoprene 4 + 100 13   14 + 100  73*  50 + 100  93* Cpd 1 + Methoprene   4 + 100087*   14 + 1000  80*   50 + 1000 100* Indoxacarb 0.5 33  1 20   2 27 Cpd1 + Indoxacarb  4 + 0.5 7  14 + 0.5 20  50 + 0.5 67 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb4 + 1 0 14 + 1 47 50 + 1 33 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 4 + 2 0 14 + 2 27 50 + 2 87* Triazamate 0.5 13  1  0   2  7 Cpd 1 + Triazamate  4 + 0.5 13  14 + 0.5 33  50 + 0.5  80* Cpd 1 + Triazamate 4 + 1 13  14 + 1 33 50 +1 20 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 4 + 2 0 14 + 2  80* 50 + 2  7 Thiodicarb  0.08 0  0.16 20    0.4 20 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb   4 + 0.08 7   14 + 0.08  47*  50 + 0.08 27 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb   4 + 0.16 13    14 + 0.16 13   50 +0.16 60 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb  4 + 0.4 20   14 + 0.4  0  50 + 0.4  93*Tebufenozide 3   40  4 27   5 20 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 4 + 3 27  14 + 327 50 + 3  93* Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 4 + 4 40  14 + 4  67* 50 + 4 47 Cpd1 + Tebufenozide 4 + 5 20  14 + 5 100* 50 + 5 47 Deltamethrin 0.1 7  0.2  7   1 60 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin  4 + 0.1 13   14 + 0.1  53*  50 +0.1  73* Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin  4 + 0.2 40   14 + 0.2 33  50 + 0.2 100*Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 4 + 1 60  14 + 1 100* 50 + 1 100* Oxamyl 0.1 20  220  100 100  Cpd 1 + Oxamyl  4 + 0.1 7  14 + 0.1  73*  50 + 0.1  87* Cpd1 + Oxamyl 4 + 2 7 14 + 2 33 50 + 2 60 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl  4 + 100 93   14 +100 100   50 + 100 100  Hexaflumuron 100    13  1000   13 3000 27 Cpd1 + Hexaflumuron  4 + 100 7  14 + 100 33  50 + 100  80* Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron   4 + 1000 13    14 + 1000  80*   50 + 1000  87* Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron   4 + 3000 33    14 + 3000 53   50 + 3000  80* Acetamiprid1   27  4 60  12 87 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 4 + 1 7 14 + 1 20 50 + 1 53 Cpd1 + Acetamiprid 4 + 4 60  14 + 4 60 50 + 4 60 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid  4 +12 87   14 + 12 100*  50 + 12 93 Cartap 0.1 20  1 73  10 100  Cpd 1 +Cartap  4 + 0.1 33   14 + 0.1 47  50 + 0.1 67 Cpd 1 + Cartap 4 + 1 60 14 + 1 73 50 + 1 47 Cpd 1 + Cartap  4 + 10 100   14 + 10 100   50 + 10100  Esfenvalerate 0.5 47  1 80   2 27 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate  4 + 0.520   14 + 0.5  67*  50 + 0.5 73 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 4 + 1 67  14 + 187 50 + 1 93 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 4 + 2 87* 14 + 2 53 50 + 2  93*Thiacloprid 0.2 73    0.5 93    1.5 80 Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid  4 + 0.2 27  14 + 0.2 53  50 + 0.2 100* Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid  4 + 0.5 53   14 + 0.580  50 + 0.5 80 Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid  4 + 1.5 100*   14 + 1.5 100*  50 +1.5 100* Lambda-cyhalothrin  0.016 73    0.08  0    0.4 87 Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin    4 + 0.016 47     14 + 0.016 100*    50 + 0.016100* Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin   4 + 0.08 47*   14 + 0.08  93*   50 +0.08  87* Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin  4 + 0.4 100*   14 + 0.4 100*  50 +0.4 100* Hydramethylnon  0.01 0 1 27   2 60 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon   4 +0.01 27    14 + 0.01  53*   50 + 0.01  87* Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 4 + 120  14 + 1  73* 50 + 1 100* Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 4 + 2 40  14 + 2  87*50 + 2 100* Clothianidin 10   93  100  100  1000 100  Cpd 1 +Clothianidin  4 + 10 100   14 + 10 100   50 + 10 100  Cpd 1 +Clothianidin  4 + 100 100   14 + 100 100   50 + 100 100  Cpd 1 +Clothianidin   4 + 1000 100    14 + 1000 100    50 + 1000 100  Lufenuron 0.08 40    0.4 53   2 40 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron   4 + 0.08 60*   14 + 0.08 87*   50 + 0.08  87* Cpd 1 + Lufenuron  4 + 0.4 47   14 + 0.4 67  50 +0.4 73 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 4 + 2 47  14 + 2 27 50 + 2 100* Abamectin 10  47  100  100  1000 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin  4 + 10 87*  14 + 10  93* 50 + 10  93* Cpd 1 + Abamectin  4 + 100 100   14 + 100 100   50 + 100100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin   4 + 1000 100    14 + 1000 100    50 + 1000 100 Methoxyfenozide  0.08 13    0.4 13   2 20 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide   4 +0.08 13    14 + 0.08  73*   50 + 0.08 100* Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide  4 +0.4 13   14 + 0.4  7  50 + 0.4 100* Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 4 + 2 27 14 + 2 100* 50 + 2 100* Nitenpyram 0.3 7   0.4 73    0.5 33 Cpd 1 +Nitenpyram  4 + 0.3 7  14 + 0.3 100*  50 + 0.3 100* Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 4 + 0.4 7  14 + 0.4 100*  50 + 0.4 13 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram  4 + 0.5 7 14 + 0.5 100*  50 + 0.5 13 Pyridalyl 0.5 13  5 13  50  7 Cpd 1 +Pyridalyl  4 + 0.5 7  14 + 0.5  7  50 + 0.5 20 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 4 + 5 014 + 5 13 50 + 5  7 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl  4 + 50 13   14 + 50 13  50 + 50 7 Dinotefuran  0.02 7   0.08  7    0.4 47 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran   4 +0.02 7   14 + 0.02  53*   50 + 0.02 100* Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran   4 + 0.087   14 + 0.08  67*   50 + 0.08 100* Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran  4 + 0.4 100*  14 + 0.4 100*  50 + 0.4 100* Novaluron 250    7 500   7 1000  0 Cpd 1 +Novaluron  4 + 250 7  14 + 250  60*  50 + 250  67* Cpd 1 + Novaluron 4 + 500 13   14 + 500  67*  50 + 500 100* Cpd 1 + Novaluron   4 + 100047*   14 + 1000  67*   50 + 1000  93* *indicates the observed %mortality is higher than the calculated % mortality by Colby equation.

Test D

For evaluating control of corn planthopper (Peregrines maidis) throughcontact and/or systemic means, each test unit consisted of a small opencylindrical container with a 3- to 4-day-old corn (maize) plant (spike)inside. White sand was added to the top of the soil prior toapplication. Test compounds were formulated and sprayed with 3replications as described for Test A. After spraying, the test unitswere allowed to dry for 1 hour before they were post-infested with 10 to20 corn planthoppers (18- to 20-day-old nymphs) by sprinkling them ontothe sand with a salt shaker. A black, screened cap was placed on the topof each container. The test units were held for 6 days in a growthchamber at 19-21° C. and 50-70% relative humidity. Each test unit wasthen visually assessed for insect mortality; the results are listed inTables 5A and 5B.

TABLE 5A Corn Planthopper Compound 1 Imidacloprid % Mortality %Mortality (ppm) (ppm) Ratio (observed) (calculated) 5 0 — 6 — 50 0 — 9 —150 0 — 28 — 0 0.1 — 27 — 0 0.3 — 37 — 0 1 — 60 — 5 0.1  50:1 7 31 5 0.316.7:1  8 41 5 1  5:1 15 62 50 0.1 500:1 9 34 50 0.3 167:1 5 43 50 1 50:1 13 64 150 0.1 1500:1  8 47 150 0.3 500:1 5 55 150 1 150:1 13 71

TABLE 5B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality Corn PlantHopper (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1  20 15  100 19 500 28 Methomyl  0.5  5   1 21   2 19 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 20 + 0.5  5100 + 0.5 23 500 + 0.5  6 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 20 + 1  7 100 + 1 36 500 + 1 2 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 20 + 2  2 100 + 2 34 500 + 2  8 Amitraz  5  6  10  3 50 5 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 20 + 5  2 100 + 5  6 500 + 5  9 Cpd 1 + Amitraz20 + 10  7 100 + 10  3 500 + 10  9 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 20 + 50 11 100 + 50 8 500 + 50 10 Thiamethoxam  0.2 100    0.4 100    0.6 100  Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam 20 + 0.2 100  100 + 0.2 73 500 + 0.2 98 Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam 20 + 0.4 100  100 + 0.4 100  500 + 0.4 100  Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam 20 + 0.6 100  100 + 0.6 100  500 + 0.6 100  Pyridaben  2 10  2.5  2   3  2 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 20 + 2  57* 100 + 2 14 500 + 2  2 Cpd1 + Pyridaben 20 + 2.5  48* 100 + 2.5 16 500 + 2.5  5 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben20 + 3  19* 100 + 3 17 500 + 3  4 Flonicamid  2 52  15 42  150 90 Cpd1 + Flonicamid 20 + 2 100* 100 + 2 31 500 + 2 68 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 20 +15 100* 100 + 15 50 500 + 15 100* Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 20 + 150 59 100 +150 42 500 + 150 100  Dieldrin  0.1 37   0.2 57   0.3 71 Cpd 1 +Dieldrin 20 + 0.1 32 100 + 0.1  92* 500 + 0.1  98* Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 20 +0.2  88* 100 + 0.2  88* 500 + 0.2 10 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 20 + 0.3 36 100 +0.3 100* 500 + 0.3  92* Spinosad  5 100   10 100   20 100  Cpd 1 +Spinosad 20 + 5 100  100 + 5 100  500 + 5 100  Cpd 1 + Spinosad 20 + 10100  100 + 10 100  500 + 10 100  Cpd 1 + Spinosad 20 + 20 100  100 + 20100  500 + 20 100  Fipronil  0.5  5   1 41   1.5 15 Cpd 1 + Fipronil20 + 0.5  29* 100 + 0.5  5 500 + 0.5  6 Cpd 1 + Fipronil 20 + 1 22 100 +1  7 500 + 1 11 Cpd 1 + Fipronil 20 + 1.5 15 100 + 1.5  9 500 + 1.5  8Pyriproxyfen  10  0  100  8 1000 12 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 20 + 10  9100 + 10 17 500 + 10 14 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 20 + 100  28* 100 + 100 10500 + 100  6 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 20 + 1000 11 100 + 1000  5 500 + 1000 3 Pymetrozine  2 51  10 29  30 89 Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 20 + 2 20 100 + 232 500 + 2 62 Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 20 + 10  50* 100 + 10  58* 500 + 10 84* Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 20 + 30 81 100 + 30 89 500 + 30 100* Buprofezin 10 96  100 97 1000 98 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 20 + 10 92 100 + 10 86 500 +10 89 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 20 + 100 94 100 + 100 90 500 + 100 98 Cpd 1 +Buprofezin 20 + 1000 93 100 + 1000 80 500 + 1000 96 Chlorfenapyr  1.5 31  2.5 15   3.5 11 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 20 + 1.5  68* 100 + 1.5 41 500 +1.5  64* Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 20 + 2.5 18 100 + 2.5  42* 500 + 2.5 38Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 20 + 3.5  34* 100 + 3.5  39* 500 + 3.5  8Chlorpyrifos  0.1 46   0.2 24   0.3 19 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 20 + 0.1 40100 + 0.1 29 500 + 0.1 53 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 20 + 0.2  47* 100 + 0.220 500 + 0.2 33 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 20 + 0.3 14 100 + 0.3  50* 500 +0.3  58* Cyromazine 200  4  500  8 1000  8 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 20 + 200 8 100 + 200  4 500 + 200 30 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 20 + 500 20 100 + 500  8500 + 500 17 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 20 + 1000  6 100 + 1000  40* 500 + 100015 Fenoxycarb  10  8  100  2 1000  5 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 20 + 10 24 100 +10  86* 500 + 10  96* Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 20 + 100  49* 100 + 100  78*500 + 100 100* Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 20 + 1000 19 100 + 1000  74* 500 +1000  61* Methoprene  15 100   50 65  150 86 Cpd 1 + Methoprene 20 + 15100  100 + 15 73 500 + 15 100  Cpd 1 + Methoprene 20 + 50 16 100 + 50 17500 + 50  93* Cpd 1 + Methoprene 20 + 150 74 100 + 150  2 500 + 150 87Indoxacarb  50  3  500  4 3000 18 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 20 + 50 10 100 + 50 4 500 + 50 100* Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 20 + 500  2 100 + 500 30 500 + 500100* Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 20 + 3000  4 100 + 3000  6 500 + 3000 100*Triazamate  50  5  75 94  100 94 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 20 + 50 100* 100 +50  73* 500 + 50 100* Cpd 1 + Triazamate 20 + 75 100* 100 + 75 63 500 +75 12 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 20 + 100 7 100 + 100 94 500 + 100  6 Thiodicarb 0.08  2  0.16  6   0.4  7 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 20 + 0.08  3 100 + 0.08 40* 500 + 0.08 13 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 20 + 0.16  5 100 + 0.16  2 500 +0.16 11 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 20 + 0.4  2 100 + 0.4  4 500 + 0.4  5Tebufenozide 100 12 1000 16 3000 12 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 20 + 100  6100 + 100 15 500 + 100  9 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 20 + 1000  8 100 + 1000 80* 500 + 1000 38 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 20 + 3000  7 100 + 3000  7 500 +3000  44* Deltamethrin  0.1 11   0.2 14   0.3  7 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin20 + 0.1 11 100 + 0.1  8 500 + 0.1 13 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 20 + 0.2 12100 + 0.2 14 500 + 0.2 100* Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 20 + 0.3  6 100 + 0.3100* 500 + 0.3 100* Oxamyl  0.08  2   0.16  5   0.2  6 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl20 + 0.08  2 100 + 0.08  7 500 + 0.08  8 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 20 + 0.16  8100 + 0.16  2 500 + 0.16  3 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 20 + 0.2  7 100 + 0.2  6500 + 0.2  7 Hexaflumuron 100  6 1000  5 3000  4 Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron20 + 100  2 100 + 100  2 500 + 100 11 Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 20 + 1000 11100 + 1000 13 500 + 1000 14 Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 20 + 3000  8 100 + 300011 500 + 3000  7 Acetamiprid  0.3 43   0.4 85   0.5 100  Cpd 1 +Acetamiprid 20 + 0.3  3 100 + 0.3  6 500 + 0.3  7 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid20 + 0.4 14 100 + 0.4 86 500 + 0.4 100* Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 20 + 0.5 41100 + 0.5 100  500 + 0.5 100* Cartap  0.3 100    3 100   30 100  Cpd 1 +Cartap 20 + 0.3 100  100 + 0.3 100  500 + 0.3 100  Cpd 1 + Cartap 20 + 3100  100 + 3 100  500 + 3 100  Cpd 1 + Cartap 20 + 30 100  100 + 30 100 500 + 30 100  Esfenvalerate  0.1  7   0.3  6   0.9  6 Cpd 1 +Esfenvalerate 20 + 0.1  9 100 + 0.1  3 500 + 0.1  6 Cpd 1 +Esfenvalerate 20 + 0.3  4 100 + 0.3  4 500 + 0.3  2 Cpd 1 +Esfenvalerate 20 + 0.9  5 100 + 0.9  7 500 + 0.9 10 Thiacloprid  0.3  6  3 100   30 100  Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 20 + 0.3  81* 100 + 0.3 100* 500 +0.3 100* Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 20 + 3 100  100 + 3 100  500 + 3 100  Cpd1 + Thiacloprid 20 + 30 100  100 + 30 100  500 + 30 100 Lambda-cyhalothrin  0.016  7   0.08  7 0.4 28 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin20 + 0.016  9 100 + 0.016 12 500 + 0.016 51 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin20 + 0.08  9 100 + 0.08  7 500 + 0.08 11 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 20 +0.4 34 100 + 0.4 57 500 + 0.4 16 Hydramethylnon  0.01  7   1  1   2  6Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 20 + 0.01 19 100 + 0.01  7 500 + 0.01  5 Cpd 1 +Hydramethylnon 20 + 1  6 100 + 1  8 500 + 1  7 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon20 + 2 14 100 + 2 13 500 + 2 11 Clothianidin  10 100   100 100  1000100  Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 20 + 10 100  100 + 10 100  500 + 10 100  Cpd1 + Clothianidin 20 + 100 100  100 + 100 100  500 + 100 100  Cpd 1 +Clothianidin 20 + 1000 100  100 + 1000 100  500 + 1000 100  Lufenuron 0.08   9 0.4  7   2  7 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 20 + 0.08  5 100 + 0.08  7500 + 0.08  2 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 20 + 0.4  9 100 + 0.4  5 500 + 0.4  2Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 20 + 2 20 100 + 2  6 500 + 2 11 Abamectin  1.6  7   893  40 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 20 + 1.6 17 100 + 1.6 10 500 + 1.6  6 Cpd1 + Abamectin 20 + 8 19 100 + 8 100* 500 + 8 56 Cpd 1 + Abamectin 20 +40 100  100 + 40 100  500 + 40 100  Methoxyfenozide  10  7  100  2 100010 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 20 + 10  3 100 + 10 10 500 + 10  7 Cpd 1 +Methoxyfenozide 20 + 100  2 100 + 100  5 500 + 100 13 Cpd 1 +Methoxyfenozide 20 + 1000 10 100 + 1000  4 500 + 1000 11 Nitenpyram  0.127   0.2 100    0.3 100  Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 20 + 0.1 16 100 + 0.1 100*500 + 0.1 15 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 20 + 0.2 100  100 + 0.2 100  500 + 0.2100  Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 20 + 0.3 100  100 + 0.3 100  500 + 0.3 100 Pyridalyl  10  2  100  6 1000 11 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 20 + 10  7 100 + 1013 500 + 10  66* Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 20 + 100  4 100 + 100 10 500 + 100 48* Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 20 + 1000  9 100 + 1000  61* 500 + 1000 38Dinotefuran  0.02  5   0.08  5   0.4 86 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 20 + 0.02  6100 + 0.02  4 500 + 0.02 100* Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 20 + 0.08  8 100 +0.08 68 500 + 0.08 100* Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 20 + 0.4 89 100 + 0.4 100*500 + 0.4 100* Novaluron 250  7  500  5 1000 100  Cpd 1 + Novaluron 20 +250  7 100 + 250  6 500 + 250  6 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 20 + 500  7 100 + 500 2 500 + 500  6 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 20 + 1000  4 100 + 1000  9 500 + 100016 *indicates the observed % mortality is higher than the calculated %mortality by Colby equation.

Test E

For evaluating control of cotton melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)through contact and/or systemic means, each test unit consisted of asmall open container with a 6- to 7-day-old cotton plant inside. Thiswas pre-infested by placing on a leaf of the test plant 30 to 40 aphidson a piece of leaf excised from a culture plant (cut-leaf method). Thelarvae moved onto the test plant as the leaf piece desiccated. Afterpre-infestation, the soil of the test unit was covered with a layer ofsand.

Test compounds were formulated and sprayed as described for Test A. Theapplications were replicated three times. After spraying of theformulated test compounds, each test unit was allowed to dry for 1 hourand then a black, screened cap was placed on top. The test units wereheld for 6 days in a growth chamber at 19-21° C. and 50-70% relativehumidity. Each test unit was then visually assessed for insectmortality; the results are listed in Tables 6A and 6B.

TABLE 6A Cotton/Melon Aphid Compound 1 Imidacloprid % Mortality %Mortality (ppm) (ppm) Ratio (observed) (calculated) 0.8 0 — 12 — 4.5 0 —32 — 25 0 — 23 — 0 0.05 — 12 — 0 0.3 — 10 — 0 2.1 — 40 — 0.8 0.05 16:114 23 0.8 0.3 2.7:1  26 21 0.8 2.1   1:2.6 97 47 4.5 0.05 90:1 38 40 4.50.3 15:1 67 39 4.5 2.1 2.1:1  100 59 25 0.05 500:1  81 32 25 0.3 83:1 8231 25 2.1 11.9:1  97 54

TABLE 6B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality Cotton/MelonAphid (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1  4 25  20 41  10049 Methomyl  2 11   5 35  15 64 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 4 + 2 13 20 + 2 51100 + 2 29 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 4 + 5 23 20 + 5 47 100 + 5 68 Cpd 1 +Methomyl 4 + 15 75 20 + 15 81 100 + 15  98* Amitraz  10 20  100 35 100029 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 4 + 10  54* 20 + 10 54 100 + 10  73* Cpd 1 + Amitraz4 + 100 48 20 + 100  85* 100 + 100  90* Cpd 1 + Amitraz 4 + 1000 50 20 +1000  77* 100 + 1000  89* Thiamethoxam  0.2 24   0.4 48   0.6 66 Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam 4 + 0.2 46 20 + 0.2 33 100 + 0.2 100* Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam4 + 0.4 61 20 + 0.4  65* 100 + 0.4 100* Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 4 + 0.6 98* 20 + 0.6  92* 100 + 0.6 100* Pyridaben  1 11   2 15  10 71 Cpd 1 +Pyridaben 4 + 1 33 20 + 1 41 100 + 1  95* Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 4 + 2 2120 + 2 53 100 + 2  89* Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 4 + 10 47 20 + 10 73 100 + 10100* Flonicamid  0.2  9   1 46   5 92 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 4 + 0.2  96*20 + 0.2  69* 100 + 0.2  64* Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 4 + 1  71* 20 + 1  72*100 + 1  94* Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 4 + 5 100* 20 + 5 86 100 + 5 100*Dieldrin  1 13   5 26  50 66 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 4 + 1  49* 20 + 1  83*100 + 1  70* Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 4 + 5  58* 20 + 5  92* 100 + 5  74* Cpd1 + Dieldrin 4 + 50  98* 20 + 50 100* 100 + 50 100* Spinosad  10 16  10035 1000 30 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 4 + 10  51* 20 + 10 39 100 + 10 46 Cpd 1 +Spinosad 4 + 100 40 20 + 100 62 100 + 100 54 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 4 + 1000 77* 20 + 1000 54 100 + 1000 65 Fipronil  2 27   4 44   8 85 Cpd 1 +Fipronil 4 + 2 27 20 + 2  64* 100 + 2  81* Cpd 1 + Fipronil 4 + 4 4420 + 4  89* 100 + 4  83* Cpd 1 + Fipronil 4 + 8  85* 20 + 8 81 100 + 8 98* Pyriproxyfen  10 14  100 28 1000 33 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 4 + 10 3820 + 10 25 100 + 10  69* Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 4 + 100 22 20 + 100 53100 + 100 56 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 4 + 1000 25 20 + 1000 59 100 + 1000 95* Pymetrozine  0.1 22   0.5 38   2 62 Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 4 + 0.1 2920 + 0.1  82* 100 + 0.1 57 Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 4 + 0.5 35 20 + 0.5 38100 + 0.5  93* Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 4 + 2 73 20 + 2  88* 100 + 2 100*Buprofezin  10 34  100 30 1000 36 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 4 + 10 34 20 + 1024 100 + 10 56 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 4 + 100 41 20 + 100 31 100 + 100  76*Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 4 + 1000 31 20 + 1000 32 100 + 1000  78* Chlorfenapyr 1 27  10 57  150 67 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 4 + 1 29 20 + 1 52 100 + 1 38Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 4 + 10 43 20 + 10 51 100 + 10 75 Cpd 1 +Chlorfenapyr 4 + 150 100* 20 + 150  96* 100 + 150 100* Chlorpyrifos  126   5 14  50 13 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 4 + 1 19 20 + 1 46 100 + 1  74*Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 4 + 5 34 20 + 5 49 100 + 5  65* Cpd 1 +Chlorpyrifos 4 + 50 25 20 + 50 32 100 + 50  64* Cyromazine  10 23  10034 1000 28 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 4 + 10 25 20 + 10 60 100 + 10 49 Cpd 1 +Cyromazine 4 + 100 29 20 + 100 34 100 + 100 79 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 4 +1000 23 20 + 1000 41 100 + 1000 60 Fenoxycarb  10 16  100 23 1000 34 Cpd1 + Fenoxycarb 4 + 10 29 20 + 10  72* 100 + 10  78* Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb4 + 100 25 20 + 100 50 100 + 100  87* Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 4 + 1000  60*20 + 1000  72* 100 + 1000  75* Methoprene  10 43  100 53 1000 50 Cpd 1 +Methoprene 4 + 10 44 20 + 10  91* 100 + 10 100* Cpd 1 + Methoprene 4 +100 50 20 + 100 73 100 + 100 100* Cpd 1 + Methoprene 4 + 1000 45 20 +1000  96* 100 + 1000 100* Indoxacarb  10 16  20 28  30 34 Cpd 1 +Indoxacarb 4 + 10 32 20 + 10 51 100 + 10 48 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 4 + 20 3520 + 20 47 100 + 20 67 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 4 + 30 35 20 + 30 47 100 + 30 75* Triazamate  2 17  20 59  100 100  Cpd 1 + Triazamate 4 + 2 20 20 +2 18 100 + 2 33 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 4 + 20 53 20 + 20 43 100 + 20 58 Cpd1 + Triazamate 4 + 100 96 20 + 100 100  100 + 100 100  Thiodicarb  3 49 10 32  30 69 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 4 + 3 33 20 + 3 37 100 + 3 51 Cpd 1 +Thiodicarb 4 + 10 36 20 + 10 43 100 + 10 54 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 4 + 30 3520 + 30 80 100 + 30  96* Tebufenozide  0.5 21   1.5 37   3 22 Cpd 1 +Tebufenozide 4 + 0.5 36 20 + 0.5 49 100 + 0.5 61 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide4 + 1.5 39 20 + 1.5 57 100 + 1.5  85* Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 4 + 3 42 20 +3 45 100 + 3  83* Deltamethrin  0.1 52   0.2 39   0.3 88 Cpd 1 +Deltamethrin 4 + 0.1 28 20 + 0.1 29 100 + 0.1 58 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin4 + 0.2 28 20 + 0.2 31 100 + 0.2 46 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 4 + 0.3 47 20 +0.3 52 100 + 0.3 45 Oxamyl  1 29  10 37 1000 100  Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 4 + 135 20 + 1  61* 100 + 1  75* Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 4 + 10 47 20 + 10  71* 100 +10  77* Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 4 + 1000 100  20 + 1000 100  100 + 1000 100 Hexaflumuron  30 32 1000 30 3000 29 Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 4 + 30 40 20 +30 60 100 + 30 47 Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 4 + 1000  74* 20 + 1000  65*100 + 1000  70* Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 4 + 3000 42 20 + 3000  60* 100 +3000  69* Acetamiprid  0.02 42   0.08 67   0.4 100  Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid4 + 0.02 41 20 + 0.02 49 100 + 0.02 62 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 4 + 0.08 5520 + 0.08  85* 100 + 0.08  86* Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 4 + 0.4 94 20 + 0.485 100 + 0.4 100  Cartap  0.2 29   2 34  200 83 Cpd 1 + Cartap 4 + 0.2 79* 20 + 0.2  86* 100 + 0.2  83* Cpd 1 + Cartap 4 + 2  64* 20 + 2 56100 + 2 55 Cpd 1 + Cartap 4 + 200  91* 20 + 200 86 100 + 200 100*Esfenvalerate  0.1 95   0.3 94   1 100  Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 4 + 0.1 7520 + 0.1 88 100 + 0.1 96 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 4 + 0.3 82 20 + 0.3 81100 + 0.3 87 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 4 + 1 75 20 + 1 91 100 + 1 100 Thiacloprid  0.3 50   1.5 100    6 100  Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 4 + 0.3 6420 + 0.3  84* 100 + 0.3  94* Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 4 + 1.5 96 20 + 1.5100  100 + 1.5 96 Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 4 + 6 100  20 + 6 100  100 + 6100  Lambda-cyhalothrin  0.08 22   0.4 81   2 100  Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 4 + 0.08 39 20 + 0.08  66* 100 + 0.08 63 Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 4 + 0.4 100* 20 + 0.4 84 100 + 0.4 100* Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 4 + 2 100  20 + 2 100  100 + 2 100  Hydramethylnon500 21 1000 40 1500 39 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 4 + 500 39 20 + 500  75*100 + 500  67* Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 4 + 1000 53 20 + 1000 66 100 +1000 69 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 4 + 1500 54 20 + 1500 66 100 + 1500  77*Clothianidin  0.08 75   0.4 91   2 99 Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 4 + 0.08  94*20 + 0.08 84 100 + 0.08 92 Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 4 + 0.4 92 20 + 0.4 88100 + 0.4 100  Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 4 + 2 100  20 + 2 100  100 + 2 100 Lufenuron  0.08 28   0.4 39   2 58 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 4 + 0.08 37 20 +0.08 55 100 + 0.08 51 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 4 + 0.4 34 20 + 0.4 66 100 + 0.453 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 4 + 2 40 20 + 2 65 100 + 2 54 Abamectin  0.08 35  0.4 58   2 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 4 + 0.08 43 20 + 0.08 59 100 + 0.08 82* Cpd 1 + Abamectin 4 + 0.4 100* 20 + 0.4 100* 100 + 0.4  93* Cpd 1 +Abamectin 4 + 2 100  20 + 2 100  100 + 2 94 Methoxyfenozide  5 32  50 54 500 38 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 4 + 5 32 20 + 5  62* 100 + 5 57 Cpd 1 +Methoxyfenozide 4 + 50  54* 20 + 50 46 100 + 50 62 Cpd 1 +Methoxyfenozide 4 + 500 38 20 + 500 50 100 + 500 54 Nitenpyram  0.2 29  0.4 49   0.6 71 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 4 + 0.2 27 20 + 0.2  71* 100 + 0.226 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 4 + 0.4 55 20 + 0.4  94* 100 + 0.4 72 Cpd 1 +Nitenpyram 4 + 0.6 62 20 + 0.6 100* 100 + 0.6  95* Pyridalyl  1 22   1.534   2 32 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 4 + 1 30 20 + 1 43 100 + 1 51 Cpd 1 +Pyridalyl 4 + 1.5 42 20 + 1.5 55 100 + 1.5 66 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 4 + 2 3320 + 2 59 100 + 2 64 Dinotefuran  1 31   2 64   5 92 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran4 + 1 20 20 + 1 62 100 + 1  76* Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 4 + 2 45 20 + 2 82100 + 2 89 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 4 + 5 100  20 + 5 96 100 + 5 96 Novaluron 50 28  250 30 1000 29 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 4 + 50 34 20 + 50  70* 100 + 50 78* Cpd 1 + Novaluron 4 + 250  52* 20 + 250  89* 100 + 250  84* Cpd 1 +Novaluron 4 + 1000  48* 20 + 1000  89* 100 + 1000  86* *indicates theobserved % mortality is higher than the calculated % mortality by Colbyequation.

Test F

For evaluating control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer)through contact and/or systemic means, each test unit consisted of asmall open container with a 12- to 15-day-old radish plant inside. Thiswas pre-infested by placing on a leaf of the test plant 30 to 40 aphidson a piece of leaf excised from a culture plant (cut-leaf method). Thelarvae moved onto the test plant as the leaf piece desiccated. Afterpre-infestation, the soil of the test unit was covered with a layer ofsand.

Test compounds were formulated and sprayed as described in Test A,replicated three times. After spraying of the formulated test compound,each test unit was allowed to dry for 1 hour and then a black, screenedcap was placed on top. The test units were held for 6 days in a growthchamber at 19-21° C. and 50-70% relative humidity. Each test unit wasthen visually assessed for insect mortality; the results are listed inTables 7A and 7B.

TABLE 7A Green Peach Aphid Compound 1 Imidacloprid % Mortality %Mortality (ppm) (ppm) Ratio (observed) (calculated) 2.1 0 — 5 — 3.9 0 —2 — 7.5 0 — 6 — 0 0.08 — 4 — 0 0.15 — 12 — 0 0.26 — 50 — 2.1 0.08 26:149 9 2.1 0.15 14:1 32 16 2.1 0.26 8.1:1  92 53 3.9 0.08 49:1 46 6 3.90.15 26:1 59 14 3.9 0.26 15:1 84 51 7.5 0.08 94:1 51 10 7.5 0.15 50:1 5217 7.5 0.26 29:1 64 53

TABLE 7B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality Green PeachAphid (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1  10 24  20 35  4036 Methomyl  50 20  100 61  200 100  Cpd 1 + Methomyl 10 + 50 40 20 + 5032 40 + 50 35 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 10 + 100 67 20 + 100  80* 40 + 100  79*Cpd 1 + Methomyl 10 + 200 94 20 + 200 100  40 + 200 100  Amitraz  10 16 100 12 1000 34 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 10 + 10 29 20 + 10 21 40 + 10  56* Cpd1 + Amitraz 10 + 100 13 20 + 100 11 40 + 100 28 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 10 +1000  72* 20 + 1000  63* 40 + 1000  69* Thiamethoxam  0.2 35   0.4 94  0.6 100  Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 10 + 0.2 24 20 + 0.2 17 40 + 0.2 35 Cpd1 + Thiamethoxam 10 + 0.4 81 20 + 0.4  98* 40 + 0.4 87 Cpd 1 +Thiamethoxam 10 + 0.6 100  20 + 0.6 92 40 + 0.6 100  Pyridaben  1 100  10 14  60 60 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 10 + 1 11 20 + 1  8 40 + 1  6 Cpd 1 +Pyridaben 10 + 10 29 20 + 10 18 40 + 10 19 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 10 + 60 4220 + 60 70 40 + 60 49 Flonicamid  0.1 16   0.2 10   2 33 Cpd 1 +Flonicamid 10 + 0.1 36 20 + 0.1 22 40 + 0.1 43 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 10 +0.2 34 20 + 0.2  50* 40 + 0.2 32 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 10 + 2  66* 20 + 2 81* 40 + 2  79* Dieldrin  10 59  100 43 1000 41 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 10 +10 41 20 + 10 43 40 + 10 28 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 10 + 100 51 20 + 100  75*40 + 100 37 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 10 + 1000  82* 20 + 1000  77* 40 + 1000 86* Spinosad  10 25  100 46 1000 59 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 10 + 10 37 20 + 1018 40 + 10  92* Cpd 1 + Spinosad 10 + 100 48 20 + 100 31 40 + 100  69*Cpd 1 + Spinosad 10 + 1000  72* 20 + 1000 100* 40 + 1000 16 Fipronil  217   4 31   8 50 Cpd 1 + Fipronil 10 + 2 22 20 + 2 34 40 + 2  57* Cpd1 + Fipronil 10 + 4 44 20 + 4 31 40 + 4 46 Cpd 1 + Fipronil 10 + 8 2820 + 8 60 40 + 8 99 Pyriproxyfen  10 23  100 12 1000 26 Cpd 1 +Pyriproxyfen 10 + 10 35 20 + 10 27 40 + 10 40 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 10 +100  46* 20 + 100 24 40 + 100  50* Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 10 + 1000 2820 + 1000 49 40 + 1000  64* Pymetrozine  0.1 13   0.5 41   2 79 Cpd 1 +Pymetrozine 10 + 0.1 17 20 + 0.1  57* 40 + 0.1  64* Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine10 + 0.5 38 20 + 0.5  79* 40 + 0.5  89* Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 10 + 2  94*20 + 2 100* 40 + 2 85 Buprofezin  10 63  100 63 1000 54 Cpd 1 +Buprofezin 10 + 10 28 20 + 10 41 40 + 10 35 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 10 + 10051 20 + 100 53 40 + 100 61 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 10 + 1000 41 20 + 1000 5040 + 1000 56 Chlorfenapyr  1.5 22   7 36  35 100  Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr10 + 1.5 39 20 + 1.5 29 40 + 1.5 42 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 10 + 7  59*20 + 7 54 40 + 7 54 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 10 + 35 100  20 + 35 100  40 +35 100  Chlorpyrifos  10  5  100 18 1000  9 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 10 + 1011 20 + 10 12 40 + 10 28 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 10 + 100 17 20 + 100 2040 + 100 10 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 10 + 1000 14 20 + 1000 20 40 + 1000 27Cyromazine  10 24  100 33 1000 65 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 10 + 10 18 20 + 1010 40 + 10 32 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 10 + 100 18 20 + 100 6 40 + 100 19 Cpd1 + Cyromazine 10 + 1000 46 20 + 1000 24 40 + 1000 65 Fenoxycarb  10 17 100 16 1000 18 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 10 + 10 13 20 + 10 29 40 + 10 27 Cpd1 + Fenoxycarb 10 + 100 31 20 + 100 23 40 + 100  64* Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb10 + 1000 19 20 + 1000 39 40 + 1000  54* Methoprene  10 27  100 23 100045 Cpd 1 + Methoprene 10 + 10 15 20 + 10  95* 40 + 10  82* Cpd 1 +Methoprene 10 + 100 28 20 + 100 44 40 + 100 11 Cpd 1 + Methoprene 10 +1000 15 20 + 1000 59 40 + 1000 62 Indoxacarb  10  9   20  7   30  8 Cpd1 + Indoxacarb 10 + 10 10 20 + 10 13 40 + 10 15 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 10 +20 12 20 + 20 20 40 + 20 22 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 10 + 30  8 20 + 30 2340 + 30 26 Triazamate  0.1  1   1  2  100 100  Cpd 1 + Triazamate 10 +0.1  4 20 + 0.1  5 40 + 0.1 11 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 10 + 1  7 20 + 1  540 + 1 10 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 10 + 100 100  20 + 100 100  40 + 100 100 Thiodicarb  20 10  150 17  900 98 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 10 + 20  7 20 + 2018 40 + 20 21 Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 10 + 150 19 20 + 150  47* 40 + 150 29Cpd 1 + Thiodicarb 10 + 900 100* 20 + 900 88 40 + 900 100* Tebufenozide100  8 1000  7 3000  9 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 10 + 100 23 20 + 100  9 40 +100 13 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 10 + 1000 22 20 + 1000 20 40 + 1000 22 Cpd1 + Tebufenozide 10 + 3000 12 20 + 3000 33 40 + 3000 15 Deltamethrin 250 9  300  3 1000  9 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 10 + 250  5 20 + 250  2 40 + 25010 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin 10 + 300  6 20 + 300  5 40 + 300  6 Cpd 1 +Deltamethrin 10 + 1000 11 20 + 1000  5 40 + 1000 13 Oxamyl  40  8  70 18 100 35 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 10 + 40 29 20 + 40 31 40 + 40 28 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl10 + 70  42* 20 + 70  57* 40 + 70  72* Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 10 + 100  63* 20 +100  85* 40 + 100  70* Hexaflumuron 100  8 1000  6 3000 13 Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron 10 + 100 19 20 + 100 21 40 + 100  46* Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron10 + 1000  41* 20 + 1000 30 40 + 1000 19 Cpd 1 + Hexaflumuron 10 + 300020 20 + 3000 20 40 + 3000 39 Acetamiprid  0.2 27   0.4 52   0.6 46 Cpd1 + Acetamiprid 10 + 0.2 26 20 + 0.2 31 40 + 0.2 38 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid10 + 0.4 59 20 + 0.4  75* 40 + 0.4 66 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 10 + 0.6  73*20 + 0.6  98* 40 + 0.6  98* Cartap  0.2 11   0.4 26   0.6 17 Cpd 1 +Cartap 10 + 0.2 28 20 + 0.2 13 40 + 0.2 20 Cpd 1 + Cartap 10 + 0.4 2120 + 0.4 19 40 + 0.4 14 Cpd 1 + Cartap 10 + 0.6 13 20 + 0.6 11 40 + 0.626 Esfenvalerate  50 100  1000 41 3000 23 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 10 + 5010 20 + 50 26 40 + 50 21 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 10 + 1000 47 20 + 1000 2440 + 1000 32 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 10 + 3000 30 20 + 3000 24 40 + 300023 Thiacloprid  0.2 13   0.3 68   0.4 42 Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 10 + 0.2 3020 + 0.2 42 40 + 0.2  64* Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 10 + 0.3 13 20 + 0.3 4140 + 0.3  70* Cpd 1 + Thiacloprid 10 + 0.4 36 20 + 0.4  69* 40 + 0.4 72* Lambda-cyhalothrin  0.016 14   0.08 15   0.4 30 Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 + 0.016 30 20 + 0.016 16 40 + 0.016 15 Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 + 0.08 25 20 + 0.08 39 40 + 0.08  9 Cpd 1 +Lambda-cyhalothrin 10 + 0.4 36 20 + 0.4 36 40 + 0.4 16 Hydramethylnon500 18 1000  8 1500  7 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 10 + 500 23 20 + 500 2140 + 500 18 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 10 + 1000 25 20 + 1000 24 40 + 1000 59* Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 10 + 1500 18 20 + 1500 28 40 + 1500 27Clothianidin  0.08 100    0.4 100    2 100  Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 10 +0.08 100  20 + 0.08 100  40 + 0.08 100  Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 10 + 0.4100  20 + 0.4 100  40 + 0.4 100  Cpd 1 + Clothianidin 10 + 2 100  20 + 2100  40 + 2 100  Lufenuron  50 34  250 15 1000 28 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 10 +50 29 20 + 50  58* 40 + 50 49 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 10 + 250 35 20 + 250 48* 40 + 250  75* Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 10 + 1000  49* 20 + 1000 18 40 +1000 51 Abamectin  0.08 47   0.4 100    2 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 10 +0.08 59 20 + 0.08 100* 40 + 0.08 42 Cpd 1 + Abamectin 10 + 0.4 100  20 +0.4 97 40 + 0.4 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 10 + 2 100  20 + 2 100  40 + 2100  Methoxyfenozide  10  7  100 17 1000  6 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 10 +10  9 20 + 10 17 40 + 10 16 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 10 + 100  8 20 + 10017 40 + 100 19 Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 10 + 1000 21 20 + 1000 19 40 +1000 29 Nitenpyram  0.2  7   0.4 17   0.6 40 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 10 + 0.225 20 + 0.2 16 40 + 0.2 10 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 10 + 0.4 24 20 + 0.4  60*40 + 0.4  7 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 10 + 0.6  75* 20 + 0.6 52 40 + 0.6 58Pyridalyl  1 18  10  8  20  3 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 10 + 1  7 20 + 1 19 40 +1 18 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 10 + 10 11 20 + 10 17 40 + 10 15 Cpd 1 +Pyridalyl 10 + 20 24 20 + 20 27 40 + 20 27 Dinotefuran  1 24   2 32   561 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 10 + 1  9 20 + 1 12 40 + 1  61* Cpd 1 +Dinotefuran 10 + 2 30 20 + 2 27 40 + 2 48 Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 10 + 5 82* 20 + 5  87* 40 + 5  89* Novaluron 250 14  500 24 1000 25 Cpd 1 +Novaluron 10 + 250 31 20 + 250 47 40 + 250 25 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 10 + 50034 20 + 500 29 40 + 500 47 Cpd 1 + Novaluron 10 + 1000 28 20 + 1000 4940 + 1000  74* *indicates the observed % mortality is higher than thecalculated % mortality by Colby equation.

Test G

For evaluating systemic control of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisiaargentifolii), each test unit consisted of a 10-inch (25.4 cm) pot withsand, and a tomato plant (var. Tiny Tim) at the 5 to 10 true leaf stage.Oxamyl was in the liquid formulation as Vydate® L and compound 1 was ina wettable powder formulation with 50% active ingredient. Test compoundsin approximately 200 mL of water per pot were applied by drip irrigationin the greenhouse. Whitefly activity was evaluated on a naturallyoccurring population by removing 5 old leaves with clearly visiblenymphs. When there were no leaves with clearly visible nymphs, 5 oldleaves were removed at random. Leaves were evaluated for dead and livenymphs. For all tests, analysis was conducted by using Fisher's LSD testfor means separation, at p=0.05 (see. K. A. Gomez and A. A. Gomez,“Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research”, 2^(nd) edition, JohnWiley & Sons, New York, 680 pp). Mean comparisons were made within eachevaluation date only. The results are listed in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Silverleaf Whitefly Day 6 Day 13 Day 20 mg Nymphs % Nymphs %Nymphs % Compound/mixture ai/pot number Mortality number Mortalitynumber Mortality Oxamyl 100 380 6 506 34 404 28 Compound 1 20 316 44 19499 300 100 Oxamyl + Compound 1 100 + 20 228 20 431 70 162 83 Untreated 0512 1 534 7 53 47

Test H

For evaluating systemic control of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua),each test unit consisted of a 10-inch (25.4 cm) pot filled with sand andcontaining a tomato plant (var. Tiny Tim) at the 5 to 10 true leafstage. Oxamyl was in the liquid formulation as Vydate® L and compound 1was in a wettable powder formulation with 50% active ingredient. Testcompounds in approximately 200 mL of water per pot were applied by dripirrigation in the greenhouse. The plants were sampled at indicated dateby cutting discs of the leaf material and placing each disc on a layerof agar gel in a 16-well, 1.5 oz. cup tray (B-150-S 0.028 Natural, ClearPack Co., Franklin Park, Ill. 60131). One beet armyworm larva was addedto each cell and the cells were covered. Trays were held in the growthchamber at 25° C., 16-hour light:8-hour dark, 60% relative humidity for4 days. The percentage of mortality (abbreviated as % Morta.) andpercentage of feeding (abbreviated as % feed), were visually assessed;the results are listed in Table 9. For all tests, analysis was conductedby using the LSD test. Mean comparisons were made within each evaluationdate only.

TABLE 9 Beet Armyworm Day 6 Day 13 - Day 13 - new & old old growth oldgrowth Compound/mixture mg ai/pot % Morta. % feed % Morta. % feed %Morta. % feed Oxamyl 100 26 49 35 43 40 40 Compound 1 20 99 0 100 0 97 0Oxamyl + Compound 1 100 + 20 100 0 100 0 100 0 Untreated 0 1 77 0 92 061 Day 20 - Day 20 - new growth old growth Compound/mixture mg ai/pot %Morta. % feed % Morta. % feed Oxamyl 100 25 92 31 65 Compound 1 20 100 0100 0 Oxamyl + Compound 1 100 + 20 100 0 96 1 Untreated 0 13 93 61 60

Test I

For evaluating control of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), methomylwas in the liquid formulation as Lannate® LV (29% of active ingredient).Compound 1 was in a water dispersible granules (WDG) formulation with35% active ingredient. The test compounds were dissolved in water.Enough water was added to make 100 ppm of active ingredient for eachcompound. Serial dilutions were made to obtain the appropriateconcentrations. To obtain the desired mixture concentrations of eachcompound, twice the desired concentration of each of the two mixturepartner compounds were mixed together in equal volumes.

The diluted solutions of the test compounds were sprayed to run-off onthree-week-old tomato plants. The plants were placed on a rotatingturntable sprayer (10 rpm). Test solutions were applied using a flat fanair-assisted nozzle (Spraying Systems 122440) at 10 psi (69 kPa). Aftereach treated plant had dried, leaves were excised from the treatedplant. The leaves were cut into pieces, which were placed singly into5.5 cm-by-3.5 cm cells of a sixteen-cell plastic tray. Each cellcontained a 2.5-cm square of moistened chromatography paper to preventdesiccation. One insect was placed in each cell. There two trays pertreatment. Trays were held in the growth chamber at 25° C., 16-hourlight:8-hour dark, 60% relative humidity for 4 days. The test wasevaluated visually at 72 hours for % of mortality and % feeding; theresults are listed in Table 10.

TABLE 10 Beet Armyworm Compound 1 Methomyl % mortality (ppm) (ppm) ratio(observed) % feeding 0.60 0 — 75 1 0.30 0 — 59 1 0.209 0 — 47 2 0.163 0— 35 2 0.076 0 — 25 7 0.041 0 — 44 6 0.022 0 — 13 9 0 100 — 84 0 0 37.8— 44 3 0 20.6 — 16 10 0 16.3 — 44 9 0 10.9 — 10 29 0 5.22 — 6 17 0.2095.22 1:25  13 4 0.163 16.3 1:100 41 3 0.076 37.8 1:500 59 1 0.041 20.61:500 22 5 0.022 10.9 1:500 16 8 0 0 — 0 14

Test J

For evaluating foliar control of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni),cabbage (var. Stonehead) plants were grown in Metromix potting soil in10-cm pots in aluminum trays to test size (28 days, 3-4 full leaves).Test compounds were formulated and sprayed on test plants as describedfor Test I. After drying for 2 hours, the treated leaves were excisedand infested with one cabbage looper per cell and covered. The testunits were placed on trays and put in a growth chamber at 25° C. and 60%relative humidity for 4 days. Each test unit was then visually assessedfor % mortality and % feeding; the results are listed in Table 11.

TABLE 11 Cabbage Looper Compound 1 Indoxacarb % mortality (ppm) (ppm)ratio (observed) % feeding 0.057 0 — 22 24 0.032 0 — 9 82 0 0.27 — 56 380 0.146 — 31 68 0.057 0.27 1:4.7 63 9 0.032 0.146 1:4.7 38 13 0.0170.082 1:4.7 6 86 0 0 — 3 97

Test K

For evaluating control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella),cabbage (var. Stonehead) plants were grown in Metromix potting soil in10-cm pots in aluminum trays to test size (28 days, 3-4 full leaves) theplants were sprayed to the point of runoff using the turntable sprayeras described in Test I. Test compounds were formulated and sprayed ontest plants as described for Test I. After drying for 2 hours, thetreated leaves were excised and infested with one cabbage looper percell and covered. The test units were placed on trays and put in agrowth chamber at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity for 4 days. Each testunit was then visually assessed; Table 12A lists both the % mortalityand % feeding results; and Tables 12B and 12C list only the % mortalityresults.

TABLE 12A Diamondback Moth Compound 1 Indoxacarb % mortality (ppm) (ppm)ratio (observed) % feeding 0.030 0 — 78 0 0.013 0 — 34 2.1 0.007 0 — 1310.0 0 1 — 50 0.1 0 0.340 — 47 0.5 0 0.226 — 25 3.5 0 0.147 — 33 13.80.030 0.340 1:11 56 0.4 0.013 0.147 1:11 32 4.0 0.007 0.226 1:34 30 3.80 0 — 24 51.9

TABLE 12B rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality DiamondbackMoth (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1  0.01 87  0.02 77  0.04 93 Methomyl  30 80  40 90  50 80 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 0.01 + 30 900.02 + 30 60 0.04 + 30 70 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 0.01 + 40 90 0.02 + 40 700.04 + 40 90 Cpd 1 + Methomyl 0.01 + 50 70 0.02 + 50 70 0.04 + 50 80Amitraz  10 70 100 20 1000 50 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 0.01 + 10 80 0.02 + 10 200.04 + 10 50 Cpd 1 + Amitraz 0.01 + 100 70 0.02 + 100 50 0.04 + 100 10Cpd 1 + Amitraz 0.01 + 1000 80 0.02 + 1000 60 0.04 + 1000 60Thiamethoxam  30 90  40 100   50 100  Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 0.01 + 30 800.02 + 30 60 0.04 + 30 90 Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 0.01 + 40 50 0.02 + 40 500.04 + 40 100  Cpd 1 + Thiamethoxam 0.01 + 50 80 0.02 + 50 80 0.04 + 50100  Pyridaben 100 100  150 80  200 100  Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 0.01 + 100 800.02 + 100 60 0.04 + 100 90 Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 0.01 + 150 90 0.02 + 15080 0.04 + 150 100  Cpd 1 + Pyridaben 0.01 + 200 90 0.02 + 200 90 0.04 +200 90 Flonicamid  1  0  15 60 1000 30 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 0.01 + 1 900.02 + 1 100* 0.04 + 1 90 Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 0.01 + 15 100  0.02 + 15 900.04 + 15 100* Cpd 1 + Flonicamid 0.01 + 1000 100* 0.02 + 1000 100*0.04 + 1000 90 Dieldrin  2 90  2.5 100    3 100  Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 0.01 +2 80 0.02 + 2 90 0.04 + 2 100  Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 0.01 + 2.5 90 0.02 + 2.590 0.04 + 2.5 90 Cpd 1 + Dieldrin 0.01 + 3 80 0.02 + 3 90 0.04 + 3 100 Spinosad  10 100  100 90 1000 100  Cpd 1 + Spinosad 0.01 + 10 90 0.02 +10 100  0.04 + 10 100  Cpd 1 + Spinosad 0.01 + 100 100  0.02 + 100 100 0.04 + 100 90 Cpd 1 + Spinosad 0.01 + 1000 100  0.02 + 1000 100  0.04 +1000 100  *indicates the observed % mortality is higher than thecalculated % mortality by Colby equation.

TABLE 12C rate % mortality rate % mortality rate % mortality DiamondbackMoth (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) (ppm) (obs) Compound 1  0.0025 79   0.02 77  0.04 75 Fipronil  10 100   100 100  1000 100  Cpd 1 + Fipronil0.0025 + 10 100  0.02 + 10 100  0.04 + 10 100  Cpd 1 + Fipronil 0.0025 +100 100  0.02 + 100 100  0.04 + 100 100  Cpd 1 + Fipronil 0.0025 + 1000100  0.02 + 1000 100  0.04 + 1000 100  Pyriproxyfen  40 100   20 100  200 100  Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 0.0025 + 2 100  0.02 + 2 100  0.04 + 2100  Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 0.0025 + 20 100  0.02 + 20 100  0.04 + 20 100 Cpd 1 + Pyriproxyfen 0.0025 + 200 100  0.02 + 200 100  0.04 + 200 100 Pymetrozine 250 100  1000 100  2000 100  Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 0.0025 +250 100  0.02 + 250 100  0.04 + 250 100  Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 0.0025 +1000 100  0.02 + 1000 100  0.04 + 1000 100  Cpd 1 + Pymetrozine 0.0025 +2000 100  0.02 + 2000 100  0.04 + 2000 100  Buprofezin  10 30  100 201000 60 Cpd 1 + Buprofezin 0.0025 + 10 60 0.02 + 10 40 0.04 + 10 60 Cpd1 + Buprofezin 0.0025 + 100 20 0.02 + 100 10 0.04 + 100 60 Cpd 1 +Buprofezin 0.0025 + 1000  0 0.02 + 1000 20 0.04 + 1000 40 Chlorfenapyr 1.5 90   2.5 100    7 70 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 0.0025 + 1.5 100  0.02 +1.5 70 0.04 + 1.5 90 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 0.0025 + 3.5 90 0.02 + 3.5 700.04 + 3.5 90 Cpd 1 + Chlorfenapyr 0.0025 + 7 90 0.02 + 7 90 0.04 + 7 90Chlorpyrifos  10 80  100 40 1000 50 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 0.0025 + 10 200.02 + 10 20 0.04 + 10 30 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 0.0025 + 100  0 0.02 +100 10 0.04 + 100 50 Cpd 1 + Chlorpyrifos 0.0025 + 1000 30 0.02 + 100020 0.04 + 1000 90 Cyromazine  20 60  40 90  60 80 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine0.0025 + 20 20 0.02 + 20 30 0.04 + 20 90 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 0.0025 + 4080 0.02 + 40 80 0.04 + 40 90 Cpd 1 + Cyromazine 0.0025 + 60 90 0.02 + 6090 0.04 + 60 80 Fenoxycarb  10 90  100 90 1000 90 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb0.0025 + 10 80 0.02 + 10 70 0.04 + 10 90 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 0.0025 + 10060 0.02 + 100 80 0.04 + 100 90 Cpd 1 + Fenoxycarb 0.0025 + 1000 900.02 + 1000 60 0.04 + 1000 80 Methoprene  10 90  100 100  1000 90 Cpd1 + Methoprene 0.0025 + 10 90 0.02 + 10 90 0.04 + 10 90 Cpd 1 +Methoprene 0.0025 + 100 90 0.02 + 100 90 0.04 + 100 90 Cpd 1 +Methoprene 0.0025 + 1000 90 0.02 + 1000 90 0.04 + 1000 90 Indoxacarb 0.02 80   0.05 40   0.4  0 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 0.0025 + 0.02 70 0.02 +0.02 80 0.04 + 0.02 90 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 0.0025 + 0.05 60 0.02 + 0.0590 0.04 + 0.05 90 Cpd 1 + Indoxacarb 0.0025 + 0.4 10 0.02 + 0.4 600.04 + 0.4  90* Triazamate 250 90  350 60  500 50 Cpd 1 + Triazamate0.0025 + 250 60 0.02 + 250 50 0.04 + 250 50 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 0.0025 +350 30 0.02 + 350 60 0.04 + 350 80 Cpd 1 + Triazamate 0.0025 + 500 300.02 + 500 40 0.04 + 500 80 Thiodicarb 100 90 1000 90 3000 90 Cpd 1 +Thiodicarb 0.0025 + 100 90 0.02 + 100 90 0.04 + 100 90 Cpd 1 +Thiodicarb 0.0025 + 1000 90 0.02 + 1000 90 0.04 + 1000 90 Cpd 1 +Thiodicarb 0.0025 + 3000 90 0.02 + 3000 90 0.04 + 3000 90 Tebufenozide150 90  200 90  300 90 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 0.0025 + 150 70 0.02 + 15090 0.04 + 150 90 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 0.0025 + 200 40 0.02 + 200 900.04 + 200 90 Cpd 1 + Tebufenozide 0.0025 + 300 80 0.02 + 300 80 0.04 +300 90 Deltamethrin  0.1 90   0.3 90   1 90 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin0.0025 + 0.1 80 0.02 + 0.1 90 0.04 + 0.1 90 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin0.0025 + 0.3 60 0.02 + 0.3 70 0.04 + 0.3 90 Cpd 1 + Deltamethrin0.0025 + 1 90 0.02 + 1 90 0.04 + 1 80 Oxamyl  1 60  10 20  100 30 Cpd1 + Oxamyl 0.0025 + 1 30 0.02 + 1 30 0.04 + 1 70 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 0.0025 +10 10 0.02 + 10 20 0.04 + 10 70 Cpd 1 + Oxamyl 0.0025 + 100 20 0.02 +100 20 0.04 + 100 80 Hexaflumuron  0.5 70   1 30   2 70 Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron 0.0025 + 0.5 20 0.02 + 0.5 70 0.04 + 0.5 90 Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron 0.0025 + 1 80 0.02 + 1  90* 0.04 + 1  90* Cpd 1 +Hexaflumuron 0.0025 + 2 70 0.02 + 2 80 0.04 + 2 90 Acetamiprid  0.3 90  1 80   3 70 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 0.0025 + 0.3  0 0.02 + 0.3 10 0.04 +0.3 30 Cpd 1 + Acetamiprid 0.0025 + 1 20 0.02 + 1 20 0.04 + 1 70 Cpd 1 +Acetamiprid 0.0025 + 3 20 0.02 + 3 40 0.04 + 3 70 Cartap 100 60 1000 903000 90 Cpd 1 + Cartap 0.0025 + 100 90 0.02 + 100 90 0.04 + 100 90 Cpd1 + Cartap 0.0025 + 1000  90* 0.02 + 1000 100* 0.04 + 1000 90 Cpd 1 +Cartap 0.0025 + 3000 100  0.02 + 3000 100* 0.04 + 3000 100*Esfenvalerate  0.01 90   0.05 80   0.2 80 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 0.0025 +0.01 60 0.02 + 0.01 70 0.04 + 0.01 90 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 0.0025 +0.05 70 0.02 + 0.05 60 0.04 + 0.05 90 Cpd 1 + Esfenvalerate 0.0025 + 0.250 0.02 + 0.2 80 0.04 + 0.2 80 Thiacloprid  0.1 80   0.3 40  15 90 Cpd1 + Thiacloprid 0.0025 + 0.1 30 0.02 + 0.1 20 0.04 + 0.1 80 Cpd 1 +Thiacloprid 0.0025 + 0.3 10 0.02 + 0.3 30 0.04 + 0.3 70 Cpd 1 +Thiacloprid 0.0025 + 15 90 0.02 + 15 90 0.04 + 15 90 Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.016 90   0.08 70   0.4 90 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.0025 + 0.01650 0.02 + 0.016 90 0.04 + 0.016 90 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.0025 +0.08 80 0.02 + 0.08 60 0.04 + 0.08 90 Cpd 1 + Lambda-cyhalothrin0.0025 + 0.4 90 0.02 + 0.4 90 0.04 + 0.4 100* Hydramethylnon  0.01 70  0.05 50   0.2 60 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 0.0025 + 0.01 50 0.02 + 0.0160 0.04 + 0.01 70 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 0.0025 + 0.05  0 0.02 + 0.05 600.04 + 0.05 70 Cpd 1 + Hydramethylnon 0.0025 + 0.2 20 0.02 + 0.2 100.04 + 0.2 80 Clothianidin  0.016 40   0.08 10   0.4 20 Cpd 1 +Clothianidin 0.0025 + 0.016 70 0.02 + 0.016 40 0.04 + 0.016 70 Cpd 1 +Clothianidin 0.0025 + 0.08 30 0.02 + 0.08 50 0.04 + 0.08  90* Cpd 1 +Clothianidin 0.0025 + 0.4 20 0.02 + 0.4 50 0.04 + 0.4 100* Lufenuron 0.08 80   0.4 80   2 90 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 0.0025 + 0.08 50 0.02 + 0.0830 0.04 + 0.08 80 Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 0.0025 + 0.4 60 0.02 + 0.4 60 0.04 +0.4 100  Cpd 1 + Lufenuron 0.0025 + 2 70 0.02 + 2 70 0.04 + 2 100 Abamectin  0.02 90   0.08 90   0.4 100  Cpd 1 + Abamectin 0.0025 + 0.0290 0.02 + 0.02 90 0.04 + 0.02 100* Cpd 1 + Abamectin 0.0025 + 0.08 100*0.02 + 0.08 100* 0.04 + 0.08 90 Cpd 1 + Abamectin 0.0025 + 0.4 90 0.02 +0.4 100  0.04 + 0.4 100* Methoxyfenozide  0.08 90   0.4 90   2 90 Cpd1 + Methoxyfenozide 0.0025 + 0.08 80 0.02 + 0.08 100* 0.04 + 0.08 100*Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 0.0025 + 0.4 90 0.02 + 0.4 80 0.04 + 0.4 100*Cpd 1 + Methoxyfenozide 0.0025 + 2 100* 0.02 + 2 90 0.04 + 2 90Nitenpyram  30 90  75 80  150 90 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 0.0025 + 30 900.02 + 30 100* 0.04 + 30 90 Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 0.0025 + 75 100* 0.02 +75 90 0.04 + 75 100* Cpd 1 + Nitenpyram 0.0025 + 150 100* 0.02 + 150100* 0.04 + 150 100* Pyridalyl  0.5 90   0.6 100    0.7 100  Cpd 1 +Pyridalyl 0.0025 + 0.5 90 0.02 + 0.5 90 0.04 + 0.5 90 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl0.0025 + 0.6 80 0.02 + 0.6 100  0.04 + 0.6 90 Cpd 1 + Pyridalyl 0.0025 +0.7 90 0.02 + 0.7 90 0.04 + 0.7 90 Dinotefuran  1 80   2.5 60   7.5 70Cpd 1 + Dinotefuran 0.0025 + 1 100* 0.02 + 1 90 0.04 + 1 90 Cpd 1 +Dinotefuran 0.0025 + 2.5 90 0.02 + 2.5 90 0.04 + 2.5 100* Cpd 1 +Dinotefuran 0.0025 + 7.5 100* 0.02 + 7.5 90 0.04 + 7.5 100*

Tables 2 to 12 show mixtures and compositions of the present inventiondemonstrating control on a wide range of invertebrate pests, some withnotable synergistic effect. As the % of mortality cannot exceed 100%,the unexpected increase in insecticidal activity can be greatest onlywhen the separate active ingredient components alone are at applicationrates providing considerably less than 100% control. Synergy may not beevident at low application rates where the individual active ingredientcomponents alone have little activity. However, in some instances highactivity was observed for combinations wherein individual activeingredient alone at the same application rate had essentially noactivity. The synergism is indeed highly remarkable. Noteworthy aremixtures of the compound of Formula 1 and wherein the pest control agentof component (b1) is imidacloprid. Especially noteworthy are weightratios of component (b) to the compound of Formula 1 in the mixtures andcompositions of the present invention which are typically from 200:1 to1:150, with one embodiment being from 150:1 to 1:50, another embodimentbeing from 50:1 to 1:10 and another embodiment being from 5:1 to 1:5.

Accordingly, this invention provides not only improved compositions butalso methods of their use for control of invertebrate pests such asarthropods in both agronomic and non-agronomic environments. Thecompositions of this invention demonstrate high controlling effect ofinvertebrate pests; consequently, their use as arthropodicides canreduce crop production cost and environmental load.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for controlling silverleaf whitefly(Bemisia argentifolii) comprising contacting silverleaf whitefly or itsenvironment with a synergistically effective amount of a mixturecomprising: (a) a compound of Formula 1,3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide,an N-oxide, or a salt thereof,

and a component (b) wherein the component (b) is imidacloprid and theweight ratio of the component (b) to the compound of Formula 1, anN-oxide, or salt thereof, is from 8:1 to 1:1.
 2. The method of claim 1wherein the environment is soil and a liquid composition comprising themixture is applied to the soil as a soil drench.
 3. The method of claim1 wherein the weight ratio of imidacloprid to the compound of Formula 1is 1:1.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture further comprisesat least one additional component selected from the group consisting ofa surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent.
 5. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the mixture further comprises an effective amount of atleast one additional biologically active compound or agent.